What does it mean if the Hepatitis B core antibody is below 1 S/CO?
Nov 28, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Gao Jun
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, a hepatitis B core antibody level below 1 S/CO may be caused by factors such as no hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis B vaccination, testing errors, chronic hepatitis B virus infection, or HIV, among others. To prevent hepatitis B virus infection, it is recommended that individuals who have not been infected with hepatitis B virus receive the hepatitis B vaccine in a timely manner.
Under normal circumstances, a hepatitis B core antibody level below 1 S/CO may be caused by factors such as testing errors, no hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis B vaccination, chronic hepatitis B virus infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and others. If experiencing any discomfort, timely medical consultation is recommended for symptomatic treatment under the guidance of qualified physicians. Detailed explanations are as follows:
1. Testing Errors
During laboratory testing, improper sample storage, expired reagents, or procedural mistakes may affect the accuracy of test results, leading to antibody levels below 1 S/CO. In such cases, it is recommended to re-sample and ensure that laboratory conditions meet the required standards. When necessary, repeating the test in a different laboratory can help verify the results.
2. No Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Hepatitis B core antibodies are produced following infection with the hepatitis B virus. If the core antibody level is below 1 S/CO, it is likely because the individual has not been infected with the hepatitis B virus, and therefore the immune system has not generated the corresponding antibodies. This is considered a normal phenomenon and typically does not require specific treatment.
3. Hepatitis B Vaccination
After receiving the hepatitis B vaccine, the body produces corresponding antibodies to resist the hepatitis B virus. Over time, antibody levels may gradually decline, resulting in lower hepatitis B core antibody test results. It is recommended to consider receiving a hepatitis B vaccine booster to increase the concentration of hepatitis B surface antibodies and enhance immunity against the virus.
4. Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Chronic hepatitis B is caused by persistent infection with the hepatitis B virus in the body. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, the virus remains in the body long-term, and the immune system may enter a state of balance known as immune tolerance, resulting in low antibody levels. Symptoms such as discomfort in the liver area, fatigue, and weight loss may be present. Medications such as compound glycyrrhizin tablets, glucurolactone tablets, and entecavir dispersible tablets may be used under medical guidance for treatment.
5. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV primarily attacks lymphocytes, which are a crucial part of the body's immune system. Due to the weakened immune function, even if the individual has previously been infected with the hepatitis B virus and cleared it, memory cells may fail to maintain effective immunity, leading to hepatitis B core antibody levels below 1 S/CO. Common symptoms include fatigue and swollen lymph nodes. It is recommended to use medications such as efavirenz tablets, lopinavir/ritonavir tablets, and zidovudine tablets under a physician's guidance for treatment.
To prevent hepatitis B virus infection, individuals who have not been infected are advised to receive the hepatitis B vaccine in a timely manner. Those who have previously been infected but have recovered should undergo regular follow-up tests for liver function and hepatitis B virus-related indicators to monitor any changes in their condition.
