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What diseases can be detected through urine tests?

Nov 28, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Cao Zhiqiang
Introduction
Urinalysis can be used to diagnose the presence of diseases such as urethritis, acute cystitis, chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes, and nephrotic syndrome. These conditions may indicate elevated urinary white blood cells, positive urine ketones, positive urine protein, or increased red blood cells in urinalysis. However, further tests are needed for accurate evaluation.

Generally, a urine test refers to a routine urinalysis. A routine urinalysis can be used to diagnose conditions such as urethritis, acute cystitis, chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, and other diseases. If experiencing any discomfort, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Urethritis

Urethritis is an inflammation caused by bacterial invasion of the urethra. The inflammation repeatedly irritates the urethral tissues and may cause symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and painful urination. During a routine urinalysis, red blood cells may be found in the urine, often accompanied by increased white blood cells.

2. Acute Cystitis

Acute cystitis may be related to bacterial infection. Patients may experience symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and painful urination. A routine urinalysis may indicate increased white blood cells in the urine, with visible red blood cells.

3. Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Chronic glomerulonephritis may be associated with factors such as genetic predisposition and immune dysfunction. These factors may affect the structure and function of the glomeruli, leading to reduced function and the body's inability to excrete waste normally. Patients may experience symptoms such as leg swelling and fatigue. A routine urinalysis may show positive urine protein, increased red blood cells, and decreased urine specific gravity.

4. Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus may be related to factors such as heredity and improper diet. When insulin secretion is insufficient, blood glucose levels remain elevated, leading to symptoms such as excessive thirst, increased appetite, and frequent urination. During the aforementioned tests, urine glucose may test positive. If urine ketones are positive, diabetic ketoacidosis should be promptly ruled out.

5. Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is usually associated with factors such as heredity and infections. When the permeability of the glomerular filtration membrane increases, patients may develop symptoms such as proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. The aforementioned tests may indicate strongly positive urine protein, and in some cases, granular casts or cellular casts in the urine may be found.

It should be noted that a routine urinalysis is only part of disease diagnosis. If abnormalities are detected, further diagnostic analysis combining other tests is necessary, so that doctors can provide targeted treatment based on the underlying causes.


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