What is a pulmonary bulla?

Generally speaking, a pulmonary bulla refers to a pulmonary bleb, which is a structural lesion in the lung. If discomfort occurs, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed explanation is as follows:

Normal alveoli resemble small balloons. When certain factors cause increased pressure within the alveoli, the alveolar walls may rupture. Multiple ruptured alveoli can merge and form a larger gas-filled cavity, known as a pulmonary bulla.

From the perspective of etiology, pulmonary bullae are commonly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema. These conditions damage the elastic fibers of the alveolar walls, causing them to become thinner and more prone to rupture. Long-term smoking is also a significant factor, as harmful substances in smoke can trigger chronic inflammatory responses in the lungs and damage alveolar structures.

When a pulmonary bulla ruptures, air can enter the pleural cavity, causing pneumothorax. Patients may suddenly experience chest pain and difficulty breathing. Large bullae can compress surrounding lung tissues, potentially leading to restricted respiratory function and symptoms such as shortness of breath and coughing. Small bullae may not require specific treatment but should be monitored regularly. Larger bullae or those causing symptoms may require surgical removal, such as video-assisted thoracoscopic bulla resection. The aim is to relieve pressure on lung tissue, improve respiratory function, and prevent complications like pneumothorax.

In daily life, it is important to avoid activities that increase intrathoracic pressure, such as strenuous exercise, forceful coughing, or breath-holding. Smoking and alcohol consumption should be avoided, respiratory tract infections should be prevented, regular follow-up evaluations of lung conditions are recommended, and maintaining clear airways and overall respiratory health is essential.