Causes of Vaginal Bleeding in Women After Sexual Intercourse

Generally, bleeding in females after sexual intercourse may be caused by factors such as hymenal rupture, intrauterine device (IUD) irritation, vaginal trauma, vaginitis, or cervical polyps. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate treatment under a doctor's guidance. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Hymenal Rupture

The hymen is a thin membrane located at the vaginal opening and contains abundant small blood vessels. During first-time sexual intercourse, rupture of the hymen may cause bleeding. This type of bleeding is usually minor and stops on its own. It can be managed by gently pressing with clean gauze or cotton balls to stop the bleeding, temporarily avoiding strenuous activity, and maintaining good hygiene.

2. Intrauterine Device (IUD) Irritation

If a female has an intrauterine device implanted, it may irritate the endometrium during sexual intercourse, causing slight bleeding. It is recommended to seek timely medical advice to determine whether adjustment or removal of the IUD is necessary. Additionally, maintaining personal hygiene is important to prevent infection.

3. Vaginal Trauma

Excessively vigorous sexual activity or incorrect positions during intercourse may cause lacerations in the vaginal wall or perineum, leading to bleeding. It is advisable to learn more about sexual health to avoid causing further injury. If the trauma is severe and bleeding is heavy, prompt medical attention is recommended for hemostasis, suturing, or other appropriate treatments.

4. Vaginitis

Unhygienic sexual practices, decreased immunity, or other factors may lead to gynecological inflammations such as vaginitis, causing mucosal congestion and edema, which can lead to bleeding during sexual intercourse. Treatment may include medications such as Baofukang suppositories, clotrimazole vaginal tablets, or miconazole nitrate vaginal soft capsules, as directed by a physician. Additionally, sexual intercourse should be avoided during the inflammatory phase.

5. Cervical Polyps

Cervical polyps are localized hyperplastic growths of the cervical canal glands and stroma that protrude outward from the cervix. These polyps are usually fragile, and sexual stimulation may cause rupture of superficial capillaries, resulting in bleeding. Under medical guidance, procedures such as cervical polypectomy or cervical conization can be performed to remove the polyps and alleviate post-coital bleeding symptoms.

In daily life, it is advisable to consume an appropriate amount of foods rich in protein, vitamins, and iron, such as eggs, fresh fruits and vegetables, and animal liver, which can help support tissue recovery.