Causes of Deep Vein Thrombosis in the Lower Extremities

Generally, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is mainly caused by prolonged bed rest, pregnancy and postpartum periods, vascular wall injury, varicose veins, and atrial fibrillation. If discomfort occurs, seek medical attention promptly. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Prolonged Bed Rest

Remaining immobile for extended periods reduces the function of the calf muscle pump, slowing venous blood flow in the lower limbs and increasing the likelihood of thrombus formation. Performing regular passive limb exercises, such as ankle pump exercises, helps promote lower limb circulation.

2. Pregnancy and Postpartum Period

During pregnancy and after childbirth, hormonal changes and uterine compression alter lower limb venous hemodynamics, increasing the risk of thrombosis. Regular prenatal check-ups and coagulation function monitoring are recommended during pregnancy.

3. Vascular Wall Injury

Factors such as surgery, trauma, and infection can damage the vascular wall, activating coagulation factors in the blood and thereby inducing thrombus formation. For deep vein thrombosis caused by vascular injury, active treatment of the underlying condition is necessary, including surgical vascular repair usually performed under microscopic or magnifying lens assistance, reconnecting the severed ends of the blood vessel.

4. Varicose Veins

Prolonged standing, habitual constipation, and difficulty urinating are common triggering factors. In varicose veins, venous valve function is impaired, causing poor venous return, increased venous pressure in the lower limbs, slow blood flow, and turbulence, which can easily lead to thrombus formation, possibly accompanied by symptoms such as scaling and pigmentation. It is recommended to follow medical advice and use medications such as Diosmin tablets, Luoweining granules, and Pentoxifylline sustained-release capsules for treatment.

5. Atrial Fibrillation

Common triggers for atrial fibrillation include emotional excitement, alcohol consumption, and physical exertion. Patients with atrial fibrillation experience weakened atrial contraction function, which can lead to blood stasis, increasing the risk of lower extremity DVT, possibly accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Patients should follow medical advice and use medications such as Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets, Metoprolol tartrate sustained-release tablets, and Warfarin sodium tablets for treatment.

In daily life, patients should avoid consuming high-fat, high-sugar, and greasy foods to prevent increased blood viscosity and impaired venous return in the lower limbs.