What are the common diseases in thoracic surgery?

Generally, common diseases in thoracic surgery include pulmonary bullae, hemothorax, costochondritis, pleural effusion, thymoma, etc. The details are as follows:

1. Pulmonary Bullae: These develop due to increased pressure within the alveolar cavity caused by various factors, leading to rupture and merging of alveolar walls, thereby forming gas-filled cystic spaces within the lung tissue. Patients may be asymptomatic or may experience chest tightness and shortness of breath; severe cases can be life-threatening. Medications such as Penicillin V Potassium Tablets, Isoniazid Tablets, and Rifampin Tablets may be used under medical guidance.

2. Hemothorax: This primarily results from chest trauma causing rupture and bleeding of intercostal vessels, internal thoracic vessels, or pulmonary tissue vessels, leading to blood accumulation within the pleural cavity. Patients may exhibit signs of blood loss, such as pallor, along with chest pain and difficulty breathing. Tranexamic Acid Injection, Etamsylate Injection, and Cefuroxime Sodium for Injection may be used under medical guidance.

3. Costochondritis: The exact cause is still unclear, but it may be related to strain, viral infections, etc. It is characterized by pain and swelling in the costal cartilage area, with increased pain upon pressing. Medications such as Ibuprofen Tablets, Diclofenac Sodium Sustained-Release Tablets, and Azithromycin Capsules may be used under a doctor's guidance.

4. Pleural Effusion: This refers to an excessive accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity, which can be caused by various factors such as infections, tumors, and heart failure. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Surgical treatments such as thoracentesis and intercostal tube drainage may be performed under a doctor's guidance.

5. Thymoma: This is a tumor arising from thymic epithelial cells that may cause symptoms such as chest pain and chest tightness. Thymomas vary in their benign or malignant potential. Treatment primarily involves thymectomy, with some cases requiring a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Early detection and treatment can improve prognosis.

In addition, thoracic surgery also manages chest trauma, such as rib fractures and pneumothorax, as well as chest foreign bodies and chest deformities.