What diseases can be detected by the eight thyroid function tests in women?

Generally, a female thyroid function panel (eight-item test) includes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and others, primarily used to assess thyroid function. Through this eight-item thyroid function test, conditions such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, goiter, and thyroid cancer can be preliminarily diagnosed. If experiencing any discomfort, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism occurs due to excessive iodine intake, leading to increased secretion of thyroid hormones. Patients may experience symptoms such as weight loss, excessive sweating, and irritability. These tests may reveal elevated levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and free triiodothyronine (FT3), along with decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

2. Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism may be related to a low-iodine diet or medications that inhibit thyroid hormone secretion. When thyroid hormone levels fall below normal, patients may experience symptoms such as cold intolerance, fatigue, and excessive sleepiness. The thyroid function panel may show decreased levels of thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (FT4), with elevated TSH levels.

3. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease, commonly associated with factors such as infections and genetic predisposition. When thyroid tissue is damaged by immune responses, patients may experience symptoms like thyroid enlargement and a sensation of pressure in the neck. Analysis of the thyroid function panel may reveal positive results for anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies.

4. Goiter

Goiter may be associated with long-term iodine deficiency, impaired thyroid hormone synthesis, and other factors. It presents as thyroid enlargement accompanied by symptoms such as neck pressure and difficulty breathing. The thyroid function panel may show normal or decreased TSH levels, along with elevated thyroglobulin antibody levels. Imaging studies may indicate a significantly enlarged thyroid gland with a soft texture.

5. Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer is a malignant tumor occurring in the thyroid gland, often related to genetic factors and radiation exposure. Early symptoms are usually not obvious, while intermediate to late stages may present with symptoms such as thyroid enlargement and neck pain. Imaging studies may show hard, poorly mobile nodules or masses within the thyroid gland, while the thyroid function panel may reveal elevated or decreased TSH levels.

If the thyroid function panel indicates abnormalities, timely consultation with a physician is recommended. Further tests, such as thyroid color Doppler ultrasound and thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy, should be conducted according to the physician's guidance to enable timely, targeted treatment based on the underlying cause.