What diseases can be detected through routine biochemical tests?

Generally, routine biochemical tests are conducted through venipuncture and can be used to detect conditions such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, acute glomerulonephritis, viral hepatitis, and other diseases. If experiencing any discomfort, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is commonly associated with improper diet, prolonged sitting, genetic factors, and others. It mainly presents symptoms such as dizziness and fatigue. During biochemical testing, elevated levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides may be indicated.

2. Hypertension

Hypertension is typically related to long-term improper diet, lack of physical activity, and other factors. Patients mainly experience symptoms like chest tightness, chest pain, and a sense of pressure. As the condition worsens, it may cause myocardial damage. Routine biochemical tests may reveal abnormal myocardial enzyme indicators, such as elevated troponin and creatine kinase-MB levels.

3. Diabetes

Diabetes is often associated with excessive intake of high-sugar foods. When insulin secretion is insufficient, it may affect the body's normal metabolism, leading to symptoms such as polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (frequent urination), and polyphagia (excessive hunger). During biochemical testing, patients may show elevated levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L.

4. Acute Glomerulonephritis

Acute glomerulonephritis is commonly associated with drug-induced injury, genetic factors, and other causes that lead to kidney damage, resulting in symptoms such as lower limb edema, proteinuria, and hematuria. Biochemical tests for such patients may indicate elevated levels of urea and creatinine, increased potassium ions, and decreased calcium ions.

5. Viral Hepatitis

Conditions such as hepatitis A and hepatitis B are caused by infection with the hepatitis virus and mainly present symptoms including jaundice of the skin and sclera, nausea, and vomiting. During biochemical testing, abnormal liver function indicators may be revealed, such as elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

In addition, biochemical tests can also be used to help diagnose conditions such as myocardial infarction and liver cancer. However, biochemical tests can only serve as one of the diagnostic criteria and cannot provide a definitive diagnosis. Therefore, individuals with abnormal test results should undergo further examinations to enable timely and targeted treatment.