What diseases can be detected in women through a five-item thyroid function test?

　　In general, the five thyroid function tests include indicators such as triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Performing these five thyroid tests in women may detect conditions including simple goiter, subclinical hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. If discomfort symptoms occur, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:

　　1. Simple Goiter

　　Simple goiter is a diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by factors such as iodine deficiency, and patients may have no obvious symptoms. In the five thyroid function tests, an elevated level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) may be observed.

　　2. Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

　　Subclinical hyperthyroidism refers to a condition in which the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is below the normal range, while all other indicators remain within normal limits. Long-standing subclinical hyperthyroidism may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, so regular monitoring and timely treatment are necessary.

　　3. Subclinical Hypothyroidism

　　Subclinical hypothyroidism refers to a condition in which the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is higher than the normal range, while all other indicators remain within normal limits. Subclinical hypothyroidism may progress to clinical hypothyroidism, increasing the risks of cardiovascular disease and abnormal blood lipids. Therefore, patients should undergo regular monitoring and receive timely intervention.

　　4. Hyperthyroidism

　　Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by an overactive thyroid gland, which produces and secretes excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Patients may experience symptoms such as palpitations, excessive sweating, and irritability. In the five thyroid function tests, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) are elevated, while the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is decreased.

　　5. Hypothyroidism

　　Hypothyroidism is a systemic hypometabolic syndrome caused by reduced production or action of thyroid hormones. Patients may experience symptoms such as drowsiness, fatigue, and decreased appetite. In the five thyroid function tests, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) are decreased, while the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is elevated.

　　Maintaining good lifestyle habits and emotional well-being, along with balanced nutrition and appropriate exercise, can help maintain thyroid health.