What does episiotomy mean?

Generally speaking, episiotomy is an obstetric surgical procedure that involves making an oblique incision in the perineal area during delivery to expand the vaginal opening and assist in the smooth delivery of the fetus. The details are as follows:

Episiotomy is primarily performed to avoid severe tearing of the perineum during childbirth. In certain situations, such as when the fetal head is too large, the fetal position is abnormal, the mother's perineum is overly tight or lacks elasticity, or labor progresses too quickly, the perineum may not have enough time to stretch adequately, resulting in irregular tearing during delivery. The degree and extent of perineal lacerations can be difficult to control, whereas an episiotomy provides a controlled incision that is easier to suture and heal. Moreover, the wound following an episiotomy is usually neat, which is conducive to postpartum healing. However, episiotomy is a surgical wound and may lead to postoperative complications such as pain and infection, requiring appropriate care to promote healing.

In late pregnancy, pregnant women can perform perineal massage under the guidance of medical staff to increase the elasticity and flexibility of the perineal tissue, thereby reducing the likelihood of perineal tearing or the need for an episiotomy during delivery. Hands and the perineal area should be kept clean during massage, and correct techniques and pressure should be used.