What causes abdominal bloating and pain in women?

Generally, lower abdominal pain refers to pain in the lower abdomen. Female lower abdominal pain may be related to dysmenorrhea, ovulation pain, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and other causes. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention, identify the underlying cause, and undergo symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Dysmenorrhea

During menstruation, the shedding of the endometrium releases chemical substances such as prostaglandins, which may cause uterine contractions, leading to lower abdominal pain. Maintaining regular lifestyle habits and avoiding excessive fatigue can help alleviate the pain.

2. Ovulation Pain

During ovulation, follicular rupture and the release of follicular fluid into the abdominal cavity may irritate the peritoneum, causing lower abdominal pain. Applying heat or massaging the lower abdomen may help relieve the pain.

3. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease is usually caused by bacterial infection. Inflammation of the pelvic tissues causes pelvic congestion, leading to lower abdominal pain. It is often accompanied by symptoms such as foul-smelling discharge and fever. Treatment may include medications such as Cefixime tablets, Azithromycin tablets, or Amoxicillin capsules, as advised by a physician.

4. Endometriosis

Endometriosis refers to the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, such as on the ovaries or fallopian tubes. Under hormonal influence, the ectopic endometrial tissue undergoes cyclic bleeding, causing adhesion and inflammation of surrounding tissues, which leads to lower abdominal pain. It is commonly accompanied by menstrual irregularities and infertility. Treatment typically involves medications such as Dienogest tablets, Gestrinone capsules, or Mifepristone tablets, as directed by a physician.

5. Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are typically associated with genetic, endocrine, environmental, and other factors. When cysts enlarge, they may compress surrounding tissues, causing lower abdominal pain. Symptoms may also include abdominal masses, menstrual irregularities, and frequent urination. Treatment options may include medications such as Guizhi Fuling capsules, Hongjin Xiaojie capsules, or Jingangteng capsules, as recommended by a physician.

Maintaining good lifestyle habits, regular sleep patterns, and avoiding late nights and excessive fatigue can help maintain overall health.