What are the transmission routes of influenza A?

Jan 21, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Ren Yi

Introduction

Under normal circumstances, "Avian Flu" refers to the Influenza A virus, which can be transmitted via droplets, direct contact, indirect contact, airborne aerosols, and the fecal-oral route. To prevent the spread of Avian Flu, individuals and communities should take a series of measures, such as frequently washing hands, wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and avoiding crowded places.

Generally speaking, "swine flu" refers to the influenza A virus, which can be transmitted through droplets, direct contact, indirect contact, airborne aerosols, and fecal-oral routes, among others. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Droplet transmission

Droplet transmission is the most common route of transmission for the influenza A virus. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, droplets containing the virus are released. These droplets can remain suspended in the air and may cause infection when inhaled by healthy individuals.

2. Direct contact transmission

The influenza A virus can be transmitted through direct contact with respiratory secretions or bodily fluids of an infected person. For example, shaking hands with an infected individual and then touching one's mouth, nose, or eyes without washing hands may lead to infection.

3. Indirect contact transmission

The influenza A virus may survive on surfaces contaminated by infected individuals for a certain period, such as mobile phones, coins, doorknobs, and other objects. Other individuals who touch these contaminated surfaces and then touch their mouths, noses, or eyes may become infected.

4. Airborne aerosol transmission

Under specific conditions, such as in enclosed spaces, the influenza A virus can form tiny aerosol particles that remain suspended in the air and spread. These particles can be inhaled by others, leading to infection.

5. Fecal-oral transmission

Although less common, the influenza A virus may also spread through contaminated food, water, or the environment. If the virus contaminates toilets or water sources, infection may occur when individuals eat or drink without washing their hands after contact.

To prevent the spread of swine flu, individuals should take various measures, such as frequent handwashing, wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and avoiding crowded places. Additionally, receiving the influenza vaccine is an important preventive measure. If symptoms of swine flu appear, prompt medical attention should be sought, and treatment should follow medical advice.

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