What should be done about a child's cough after a fever?

Generally, fever refers to an elevated body temperature. Coughing following a fever in children may be caused by factors such as thermal irritation of the respiratory mucosa, changes in respiratory rate, acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis, or bronchopneumonia. Treatment can include general care and medication, as directed by a physician. If a child develops coughing after a fever, it is important to monitor for changes in condition, such as worsening cough, rapid breathing, or listlessness, which require prompt medical attention. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Thermal Irritation of the Respiratory Mucosa

When a child has a fever, the elevated body temperature can cause the respiratory mucosa to become dry and sensitive. Thermal irritation may then trigger a cough reflex aimed at clearing minor irritants from the airway, typically resulting in occasional mild coughing. It is important to maintain humid indoor air and avoid prolonged exposure to dry, hot environments. Provide the child with frequent sips of warm water to help moisten the respiratory mucosa.

2. Changes in Respiratory Rate Due to Fever

Fever increases a child's metabolic rate, which in turn elevates the respiratory rate. The rapid airflow in and out of the respiratory tract can impact the mucosa, potentially causing coughing. It is recommended that the child rest more and avoid strenuous activity.

3. Common Cold

The common cold is usually caused by viral infections, such as rhinovirus or coronavirus. After the virus invades the body, it stimulates the immune system to mount a response, releasing inflammatory mediators that disrupt the function of the body's temperature regulation center, leading to symptoms such as fever and cough. Other symptoms typically include runny nose and sneezing. Symptomatic relief may be achieved with medications such as acetaminophen suspension drops, ibuprofen suspension, or children's cough syrup, as directed by a physician.

4. Acute Bronchitis

Acute bronchitis is commonly caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or mycoplasma. The pathogens infect the bronchial mucosa, causing inflammation, congestion, swelling, and increased secretions. These changes stimulate bronchial smooth muscle contraction and cough receptors, leading to coughing, which is often frequent and may be accompanied by sputum production and shortness of breath. Treatment may include medications such as azithromycin for oral suspension, Pulike Syrup (a compound herbal preparation for cough), and levalbuterol tartrate nebulizing solution, as directed by a physician.

5. Bronchopneumonia

Bronchopneumonia is generally caused by infection of the lung tissue and bronchi by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or mycoplasma. As the pathogens multiply in the lungs, they trigger inflammation, and the resulting exudates irritate the alveoli and bronchial mucosa, inducing a cough reflex. The cough is often severe and is typically accompanied by symptoms such as rapid breathing, wheezing, and lung rales (abnormal respiratory sounds). It is recommended to use medications such as cefixime granules, budesonide inhalation aerosol, and acetylcysteine granules under a physician's guidance.

In daily life, it is important to provide adequate nutritional support to children, ensuring sufficient intake of proteins, vitamins, and other nutrients to enhance immune function.