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What are the transmission routes of influenza?

Feb 06, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Ren Yi
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, influenza refers to the flu. The transmission routes of influenza mainly include droplet transmission, aerosol transmission, direct contact transmission, indirect contact transmission, and biological vector transmission. To prevent the spread of the influenza virus, it is recommended to maintain good personal hygiene habits, such as frequent hand washing, wearing masks, and avoiding close contact with individuals who have the flu.

Generally speaking, influenza refers to the common flu. The transmission routes of the common flu mainly include droplet transmission, aerosol transmission, direct contact transmission, indirect contact transmission, and biological vector transmission. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Droplet transmission

Droplet transmission is a common route of transmission for the common flu. When a patient coughs, sneezes, or speaks, they release droplets containing the virus. These droplets disperse in the air and can cause infection when inhaled by others.

2. Aerosol transmission

The droplets containing the virus gradually lose moisture in the air, leaving behind proteins and pathogens that form aerosol particles. These particles remain suspended in the air and can cause infection when inhaled by others through airflow dispersion.

3. Direct contact transmission

If there is frequent direct and close contact with a person who has the common flu, such as hugging, kissing, or shaking hands, it may lead to cross-infection of the virus. The probability of transmission through this route is relatively high.

4. Indirect contact transmission

Patients with the common flu may contaminate surfaces such as door handles, tables, towels, etc., through saliva, nasal mucus, phlegm, and other secretions. Others may become infected by touching these contaminated objects and then touching their mouths, noses, or eyes.

5. Biological vector transmission

Biological vector transmission is relatively rare, but in some cases, domestic birds, poultry, or other animals infected with the common flu virus can transmit the virus to humans through contact or consumption of contaminated chicken, duck, or other meats, making people susceptible to illness.

To prevent the spread of the influenza virus, it is recommended to maintain good personal hygiene habits, such as washing hands frequently and wearing masks; avoiding close contact with individuals who have the flu; reducing visits to crowded places during flu season; and keeping living environments well-ventilated and clean. These measures can help reduce the risk of influenza transmission and protect personal health.

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