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How is influenza caused?

Feb 08, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Ren Yi
Introduction
Influenza refers to the flu. Under normal circumstances, influenza may be caused through various transmission routes, including droplet transmission, contact transmission, airborne transmission, sharing of contaminated objects, and mother-to-child transmission. If necessary, please consult a physician. When individuals with influenza cough, sneeze, or talk, they expel numerous virus-containing droplets from their mouth and nose.

　　Influenza refers to the flu. Generally, influenza may be caused through transmission routes such as droplet transmission, contact transmission, airborne transmission, shared object transmission, and mother-to-child transmission. If necessary, please consult a doctor for advice. The analysis is as follows:

　　1. Droplet Transmission

　　When influenza patients cough, sneeze, or speak, they expel large amounts of droplets containing the influenza virus from their mouths and noses. These droplets can remain suspended in the air briefly. Healthy individuals who inhale these virus-containing droplets may become infected.

　　2. Contact Transmission

　　The hands of individuals with influenza may become contaminated with a large amount of virus. When they touch public objects, the virus can remain on these surfaces. Healthy individuals who touch these contaminated objects may become infected as the influenza virus enters the body.

　　3. Airborne Transmission

　　In specific environments, such as relatively enclosed and poorly ventilated spaces, the influenza virus can form aerosols that remain suspended and spread in the air for extended periods. If healthy individuals are in such an environment, they may inhale aerosols containing the influenza virus and become infected.

　　4. Shared Object Transmission

　　Sharing household items with individuals who have influenza—such as towels, tableware, and drinking cups—can lead to infection. These items may be contaminated with the patient's secretions containing the influenza virus. After healthy individuals use these items, the virus may enter the body through mucosal contact or broken skin.

　　5. Mother-to-Child Transmission

　　If a pregnant woman contracts influenza during pregnancy, the influenza virus in her body may be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta, leading to fetal infection. Additionally, during childbirth, the fetus may become infected by coming into contact with the mother's secretions.

　　In daily life, it is important to maintain good personal hygiene habits, wash hands frequently, use soap or hand sanitizer with running water to wash hands, and avoid using dirty towels to wipe hands.

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