Does washing your face with cold water make your brain more alert?
Generally speaking, washing the face with cold water can, to some extent, help make the brain more alert. The specific explanation is as follows:

When the face is exposed to cold water, the cold receptors in the skin are activated. These receptors transmit signals through nerves to the brain. Upon receiving these signals, the brain releases certain neurotransmitters, such as adrenaline, which place the brain into an excited state, making one feel more alert. Additionally, washing the face with cold water stimulates the body's sympathetic nervous system, rapidly transitioning the body from a relatively relaxed state to a state of alertness, thereby increasing the body's metabolic level and stress response capability. Consequently, the brain also becomes more alert, helping one shake off drowsiness more quickly.
Washing the face with cold water can cause facial blood vessels to contract, after which the vessels reflexively dilate. This contraction and dilation of blood vessels can promote blood circulation. More blood flowing to the brain provides it with more adequate oxygen and nutrients, helping enhance brain function, making thinking more agile and increasing alertness.
For individuals with weak constitutions or those suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension, washing the face with cold water may cause discomfort or pose risks. If discomfort such as headache or dizziness occurs after washing the face with cold water, usage should be stopped immediately.