What causes curd-like vaginal discharge and external genital itching?

“Curd-like vaginal discharge” refers to discharge that resembles tofu curds—white and clumpy—when expelled. Since normal vaginal discharge is typically thick and yellowish, this appearance is easily distinguishable. Curd-like discharge is a hallmark sign of vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection), although it often remains trapped inside the vagina rather than flowing freely. So, what causes external genital itching alongside curd-like discharge? Below, we provide answers.

Why does curd-like discharge accompany external genital itching?

Curd-like vaginal discharge most commonly occurs in vulvovaginal candidiasis. Its primary symptoms include increased vaginal discharge with a curd-like consistency, along with itching of both the vagina and external genitalia. Some women may also experience erythema and swelling of the vulva, a burning sensation, urinary frequency, and dysuria. Vulvovaginal candidiasis usually develops due to compromised immune function. For uncomplicated Candida infections, topical antifungal therapy is generally sufficient; symptom relief typically begins within 2–3 days of treatment initiation. In cases of complicated candidiasis, systemic antifungal therapy—in addition to local treatment—is required. During treatment, sexual partners should ideally be treated concurrently. Oral fluconazole capsules may be prescribed, combined with external cleansing using a sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) solution and intravaginal administration of nystatin suppositories. For severe pruritus, clotrimazole (e.g., Canesten®) cream may be applied topically for symptomatic relief.

Knowledge Extension: How to Prevent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

1. Maintain cleanliness and ventilation of the external genital area; manage stress effectively; avoid prolonged or unnecessary antibiotic use, which may disrupt the natural vaginal microbiota.

2. Avoid excessive or frequent douching, as this may disturb the natural pH balance of the vagina. Do not share clothing or towels with others. Wear breathable, cotton underwear regularly and change them frequently.

The above outlines the causes of external genital itching associated with curd-like vaginal discharge. We hope this information is helpful to you.