What complications may occur after a lung biopsy?
Mar 03, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Ren Yi
Introduction
In general, complications such as pneumothorax, bleeding, infection, air embolism, and pleural reaction may occur after a lung biopsy. Among these, pneumothorax is one of the more common complications following lung biopsy. During the biopsy procedure, puncturing into the lung may cause damage to lung tissue, allowing gas to enter the pleural cavity and disrupt the pressure balance within the thoracic cavity, thereby leading to pneumothorax, which may require closed thoracic drainage.
Generally, complications that may occur after a lung biopsy include pneumothorax, bleeding, infection, air embolism, and pleural reaction. The specific details are as follows:
1. Pneumothorax: This is one of the more common complications following lung biopsy. During the biopsy procedure, puncture into the lung may damage lung tissue, allowing gas to enter the pleural cavity and disrupt the pressure balance within the chest, leading to pneumothorax. This often requires closed thoracic drainage.
2. Bleeding: Blood vessels in the lung may be injured during the puncture process, resulting in bleeding. Bleeding may manifest as blood-streaked sputum or hemoptysis, and severe cases may involve massive hemorrhage. If the bleeding originates from the pleural cavity, hemothorax may develop, causing symptoms such as chest pain and difficulty breathing. Hemostasis or surgical intervention may be required.
3. Infection: Lung biopsy is an invasive procedure that compromises the respiratory tract's natural defense barriers, allowing external bacteria and other microorganisms to more easily invade the lungs and cause infections such as pneumonia or lung abscesses. Symptoms may include fever, cough, increased sputum production, and changes in sputum characteristics. Antibiotic therapy is typically required to treat the infection.
4. Air Embolism: A relatively rare but potentially life-threatening complication. During a lung biopsy, if air enters the bloodstream, it can travel to critical organs such as the heart or brain, causing air embolism and potentially leading to organ dysfunction, with symptoms including dyspnea, chest pain, and syncope.
5. Pleural Reaction: Stimulation of the pleura during the puncture procedure may trigger a pleural reaction. Patients may experience symptoms such as dizziness, pallor, sweating, palpitations, and a feeling of pressure in the chest. In severe cases, symptoms such as hypotension and shock may occur. Immediate cessation of the procedure and symptomatic management, such as oxygen administration and having the patient lie flat, are necessary.
To reduce the risk of complications, patients should choose a reputable hospital for the procedure and follow their physician's guidance to adequately prepare preoperatively and receive proper postoperative care.
