What is the primary transmission route of influenza?

Mar 04, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Ren Yi

Introduction

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is generally caused by infection with the influenza virus. Under normal circumstances, the main transmission routes of influenza include droplet transmission, direct contact transmission, indirect contact transmission, airborne transmission, and aerosol transmission. To prevent the spread of the influenza virus, it is recommended to maintain good personal hygiene habits, such as frequent hand washing and wearing a mask.

　　Influenza usually refers to the flu, which is caused by infection with the influenza virus. Under normal circumstances, the main transmission routes of influenza include droplet transmission, direct contact transmission, indirect contact transmission, airborne transmission, and aerosol transmission. A detailed analysis is as follows:

　　1. Droplet transmission: This is a common transmission route for influenza. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, droplets containing the virus are dispersed into the air. Others who inhale these droplets may become infected with the influenza virus.

　　2. Direct contact transmission: If someone has close physical contact with a person who has influenza, such as shaking hands or hugging, the virus may enter the body through the hands, mouth, nose, or other areas of the contact, leading to infection.

　　3. Indirect contact transmission: Influenza patients may leave viruses on objects they touch. If other people then touch these contaminated objects and subsequently touch their own mouths, noses, or eyes, they may become infected with the virus.

　　4. Airborne transmission: In crowded or poorly ventilated environments, the influenza virus may spread through the air. The virus can survive in the air for a period of time and enter other people's bodies through respiration.

　　5. Aerosol transmission: Droplets containing the virus gradually lose moisture in the air and form aerosols. These aerosols may float in the air for extended periods, enabling long-distance transmission.

　　To prevent the spread of the influenza virus, it is recommended to maintain good personal hygiene habits, such as washing hands frequently and wearing a mask.

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