What diseases can be detected by the five-item immune test?

Under normal circumstances, an immunoglobulin panel (five-item test) can help detect diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, immunodeficiency disorders, multiple myeloma, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Sjögren's Syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands such as the lacrimal and salivary glands, leading to symptoms like dry mouth and dry eyes. In an immunoglobulin panel, patients with Sjögren's syndrome may show elevated levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). These changes aid in diagnosing Sjögren's syndrome and can be used to assess disease progression and treatment response.

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease primarily characterized by inflammatory synovitis, affecting small joints such as those in the hands and feet. In an immunoglobulin panel, patients with rheumatoid arthritis often exhibit elevated levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM), reflecting an activated immune system.

3. Immunodeficiency Disorders

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions caused by weakened or impaired immune system function, making patients susceptible to various pathogens. In an immunoglobulin panel, patients with immunodeficiency disorders may show decreased levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM), indicating compromised immune function and an inability to produce sufficient antibodies to fight infections.

4. Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy originating from plasma cells, characterized by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells and excessive production of immunoglobulins. In an immunoglobulin panel, patients with multiple myeloma may show elevated levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), and occasionally elevated levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) or immunoglobulin M (IgM).

5. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the immune system attacking the body's own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage. In an immunoglobulin panel, patients often show elevated levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), which typically indicates an active immune response.

An immunoglobulin panel usually requires venous blood collection for laboratory testing; therefore, it is recommended to remain fasting on the day of the examination. Generally, fasting for at least 8 hours is advised to ensure the accuracy of the test results.