Which tests can确诊 (confirm) autonomic nervous system dysfunction?

Generally, autonomic dysfunction can be diagnosed through tests such as the sweat secretion test, thermoregulatory test, gastrointestinal function evaluation, pupillary reflex test, and urodynamic studies. The specific details are as follows:

1. Sweat Secretion Test

The sweat secretion test commonly uses the iodine-starch method. A solution containing iodine is applied to the patient's skin surface, allowed to dry, and then starch is sprinkled over it. Following thermal or pharmacological stimulation, changes in skin color are observed to assess sweat secretion.

2. Thermoregulatory Test

In the thermoregulatory test, the patient is placed in an environment with adjustable temperature. Baseline body temperature is measured under normal conditions, then the environmental temperature is altered—either increased or decreased—and changes in the patient's body temperature and regulatory capacity are observed.

3. Gastrointestinal Function Evaluation

Gastrointestinal function evaluation includes gastrointestinal motility assessment, such as recording gastrointestinal electrical activity using electrogastrography, performing a barium meal study or gastroscopy to observe the gastrointestinal morphology and peristalsis, and measuring gastric emptying time.

4. Pupillary Reflex Test

The pupillary reflex test is conducted in a dark room by shining a flashlight into one of the patient's eyes and observing the direct pupillary constriction response and the indirect response of the opposite pupil. The changes in the patient's pupils when focusing on near and distant objects are also observed.

5. Urodynamic Studies

Urodynamic studies involve inserting a urinary catheter to measure bladder pressure and urine flow rate, thereby evaluating the functional status of the lower urinary tract. Autonomic dysfunction may affect the neural regulation of the bladder and urethra.

Through these examinations, physicians can accurately determine whether a patient has autonomic dysfunction and formulate an appropriate treatment plan.