What causes cold hands and feet and sensitivity to cold, and how to manage it?

Generally, cold hands and feet may be caused by factors such as a slim body type, seasonal changes, lack of physical activity, anemia, hypothyroidism, and other conditions. These issues can be managed through general treatments, medications, and other interventions. If symptoms persist, it is recommended to seek timely medical advice and undergo appropriate treatment under a doctor's guidance. A detailed explanation is as follows:

1. Slim Body Type

Individuals with a slim body type often have a thinner layer of body fat, which makes it easier for body heat to dissipate, resulting in cold hands and feet. This condition typically does not present with other symptoms, although discomfort due to cold may occur. It is recommended to maintain a balanced diet and engage in regular exercise to gain weight and improve the body's ability to retain heat.

2. Seasonal Changes

In cold environments, blood vessels naturally constrict to reduce heat loss and ensure blood supply to vital organs. This response decreases circulation to the extremities, lowering the temperature of the hands and feet. It is advisable to wear warm clothing, especially gloves and socks, use heating products such as hot water bottles or electric blankets, and maintain a comfortably warm indoor temperature.

3. Lack of Physical Activity

Long-term physical inactivity can lead to a reduced metabolic rate and slower blood circulation, resulting in insufficient blood supply to peripheral areas such as the hands and feet, which may cause them to feel cold. This may be accompanied by symptoms such as low energy and easy fatigue. Engaging in moderate aerobic exercises, such as jogging, brisk walking, or swimming, is recommended to promote blood circulation.

4. Anemia

Anemia can result from malnutrition, excessive blood loss, or impaired blood production. In such cases, the blood's capacity to carry oxygen decreases, causing cold sensations in the extremities due to tissue hypoxia. Additionally, weakened circulatory force reduces blood flow to the extremities, intensifying the feeling of coldness in the hands and feet. Symptoms may also include fatigue, palpitations, and dizziness. It is recommended to follow medical advice to use medications such as iron supplements to alleviate symptoms.

5. Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism may be caused by genetic factors, autoimmune diseases, or other conditions. Insufficient thyroid hormone secretion leads to a reduced metabolic rate and decreased heat production, resulting in cold hands and feet. This may be accompanied by weight gain, constipation, dry skin, and other symptoms. It is advised to undergo treatment under a doctor's guidance using medications such as levothyroxine sodium tablets, thyroid extract tablets, or propranolol hydrochloride tablets.

In daily life, it is recommended to maintain good lifestyle habits, eat a balanced diet, and consume moderate amounts of warming foods such as red dates and ginger, which may help alleviate symptoms.

References

[1] Lin Mei. When Temperature Rises, Why Are Hands and Feet Still Cold? [J]. Popular Health, 2022, (05):70-71.

[2] When Cold Weather Makes Hands and Feet Cold, Try This [J]. Family Science, 2024, (12):3.