What causes red marks on a newborn's face?

Generally, red marks on a newborn's face may be caused by birthmarks, neonatal erythema, eczema, diaper rash, hemangiomas, or other factors. Symptomatic management involving general treatment, medication, or physical therapies may be necessary. If any discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek timely medical attention and undergo appropriate treatment under a doctor's guidance. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Birthmarks

Red marks on a newborn's face could be birthmarks, which are congenital skin lesions caused by abnormal proliferation of skin tissue during fetal development. Birthmarks usually do not present with additional symptoms and may gradually fade or disappear as the newborn grows. They generally do not affect health.

2. Neonatal Erythema

After birth, red patches may appear on a newborn's face, often due to skin compression during delivery. Neonatal erythema typically does not involve other symptoms and does not require specific treatment. It is recommended to monitor symptoms regularly, maintain clean and moisturized skin, and avoid external irritants.

3. Eczema

Neonatal eczema is a common skin condition that may be related to genetic factors, immune system abnormalities, and environmental influences. Since the skin barrier function in newborns is not fully developed, it is susceptible to external irritants, which can trigger inflammatory reactions and cause red marks. Eczema may also be accompanied by intense itching, causing the infant to become irritable and restless. It is recommended to use medications such as halometasone cream, compound dexamethasone cream, or triamcinolone chloramphenicol solution under medical guidance.

4. Diaper Rash

Diaper rash is typically caused by a combination of enzymes in urine and feces, bacterial infection, and other factors. Although it primarily affects areas covered by diapers, it can sometimes spread to the face, especially if irritants are inadvertently transferred there during diaper changes. Symptoms may include skin damage, pain, and discomfort for the infant. It is recommended to use medications such as zinc oxide ointment, mupirocin ointment, or hydrocortisone ointment under medical supervision to alleviate symptoms.

5. Hemangioma

A hemangioma is a skin lesion caused by abnormal vascular development. It may arise from abnormalities during blood vessel development in the embryonic stage, leading to vascular proliferation or dilation and the formation of localized red marks. It is recommended to undergo physical treatments such as laser therapy or cryotherapy under a doctor's guidance.

Daily care should emphasize gentle cleansing. Use a soft gauze or towel dipped in warm water to gently wipe the face, ensuring movements are delicate to avoid irritating the affected areas.