What are the causes of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in pregnant women?

Ureaplasma urealyticum refers to Ureaplasma parvum. Generally, the causes of Ureaplasma parvum infection in pregnant women may include changes in physiological status, decreased immunity, iatrogenic transmission, sexual transmission, and anatomical structure of the urogenital tract. Symptomatic treatment through general care and medication is usually required. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and receive appropriate treatment under a physician's guidance. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Physiological Changes

During pregnancy, hormone levels in the body, such as estrogen and progesterone, significantly increase. These changes may alter the vaginal environment, including changes in pH and thinning of the vaginal mucosa, thereby increasing the risk of infection. Pregnant women should maintain good external genital hygiene, change underwear frequently, and choose breathable fabric materials.

2. Decreased Immunity

During pregnancy, the immune system may weaken due to physiological demands, making the body more susceptible to various infections, including Ureaplasma parvum infection. Symptoms of decreased immunity may include fatigue and frequent colds. Pregnant women are advised to enhance immunity through balanced nutrition, moderate exercise, and sufficient sleep.

3. Iatrogenic Transmission

If medical instruments are not strictly disinfected during use, they may carry pathogens that cause infection in patients. Medical institutions should strictly enforce disinfection and isolation protocols and regularly monitor the cleanliness of medical instruments. Pregnant women should ensure that all medical instruments used during procedures have been thoroughly sterilized.

4. Sexual Transmission

Ureaplasma parvum can be directly transmitted from an infected individual to an uninfected person through sexual activity, especially when protective measures are not used. Symptoms may include increased urethral discharge, painful urination, and frequent urination. It is recommended to follow medical advice and use medications such as azithromycin tablets, doxycycline capsules, and amoxicillin capsules to alleviate symptoms. It is also advised that sexual partners undergo examination and treatment to prevent reinfection.

5. Anatomical Structure of the Urogenital Tract

Women have a shorter urethra that is closer to the anus, making it easier for Ureaplasma urealyticum to spread from the anal area to the urethra and genital tract, thereby increasing the risk of infection. Symptoms may include lower abdominal discomfort and pain during sexual intercourse. It is recommended to take medications such as Herba Lysimachiae Granules, Re Lian Qing Granules, and minocycline hydrochloride tablets under a physician's guidance for treatment.

In daily life, pregnant women are advised to maintain good living habits, follow a regular schedule, and engage in moderate exercise to enhance physical health and reduce the risk of illness.

References

[1] He Minmin, Li Shixiao, Qin Jiajia, et al. A Case of Septic Shock in a Pregnant Woman Caused by Mixed Infection of Proteus mirabilis and Ureaplasma parvum[J]. Chinese Rural Medicine, 2025, 32(04): 43-44.

[2] Wang Gui, Han Ru, Fu Xiaoyun, et al. Impact of Ureaplasma parvum Infection in the Genital Tract of Pregnant Women on Pregnancy Outcomes[J]. Chinese Journal of Nosocomial Infection, 2022, 32(13): 2058-2061.