What are the different types of implant surface treatments?

Generally, implant surface treatment technologies can enhance the biocompatibility of implants, promote osseointegration, and prolong the lifespan of implants. The main surface treatment methods include large-particle sandblasting and acid etching, plasma spraying, laser ablation, anodization, and hydrophilic surface treatments. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Large-particle Sandblasting and Acid Etching

Using particles of a specific diameter, the implant surface is bombarded under high-pressure airflow to create a rough surface. Subsequently, the implant is immersed in a mixed acid solution for acid etching. This increases the surface area of the implant and forms a microporous structure suitable for osteoblast and fibrinogen adhesion, promoting osseointegration.

2. Plasma Spraying

This method uses plasma spraying of bone-like chemical substances such as hydroxyapatite or β-tricalcium phosphate to form a biocompatible coating on the implant surface. It enhances the biological cleanliness and wettability of the implant surface, promoting osteoblast attachment and osseointegration.

3. Laser Ablation

Laser technology is used to treat the implant surface, creating micro-biological closed channels. This inhibits the downward growth of epithelial cells while promoting the attachment of bone and soft tissue cells, thereby enhancing the biocompatibility of the implant.

4. Anodization

The implant is used as an anode immersed in an electrolyte solution, and electrochemical processes are used to increase the thickness of the oxide layer on the implant surface, forming a microscopically multidimensional structure. This improves the surface roughness and biocompatibility of the implant, facilitating osteoblast attachment and osseointegration.

5. Hydrophilic Surface Treatment

Based on large-particle sandblasting and acid etching, further surface treatment is conducted to render the implant surface hydrophilic. This accelerates the adhesion of osteoblasts and growth factors from blood cells, speeds up osseointegration, and improves the success rate of the implant.

Prior to dental implant placement, patients should consult with their dentist. The dentist will select the appropriate surface treatment technology based on the patient's oral condition, type of implant, and expected treatment outcomes.