What are the common gynecological conditions of the vagina?

Generally, common gynecological vaginal diseases include vulvitis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginitis, candidiasis (yeast infection), and senile vaginitis. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Vulvitis

Vulvitis is a localized inflammation of the vulvar skin caused by external pathogens or irritation from physical and chemical agents. It is a common gynecological condition, often accompanied by symptoms such as itching and pain in the vulva. Treatment may include medications such as amoxicillin granules, clotrimazole cream, and fluconazole capsules, as directed by a physician.

2. Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis results from a mixed infection of Gardnerella vaginalis and some anaerobic bacteria, leading to an imbalance in the vaginal microecology and causing symptoms such as increased vaginal discharge. Typical symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that is grayish-white, thin, foamy, accompanied by itching and burning of the vulva. The genital area may emit a foul odor, with vaginal mucosal congestion and scattered petechiae. Medications such as cefixime tablets, azithromycin tablets, and clindamycin hydrochloride capsules may be used for treatment under medical guidance.

3. Trichomonas Vaginitis

Trichomonas vaginitis is a vaginal infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and is one of the common vaginal diseases. Symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that may be milky white or yellowish, sometimes purulent, often frothy, and accompanied by an odor. In severe cases, bloody discharge may occur, along with symptoms such as dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, and hematuria (blood in urine). Treatment may include medications such as metronidazole tablets, ornidazole tablets, and tinidazole tablets, as advised by a physician.

4. Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)

Candidiasis is a vaginal infection caused by Candida species (most commonly Candida albicans). Common symptoms include itching and burning of the vulva, along with increased vaginal discharge that appears curd-like or clumpy. Sometimes symptoms such as urinary frequency, dysuria, and dyspareunia (pain during intercourse) may also occur. Fungal vaginitis is difficult to cure completely and tends to recur. Treatment may include medications such as Jie’eryin wash, hemsleya root extract tablets, and terbinafine hydrochloride tablets, as directed by a physician.

5. Senile Vaginitis

Senile vaginitis occurs due to ovarian function decline, reduced estrogen levels, vaginal wall atrophy, thinning of the mucosa, reduced glycogen content in epithelial cells, increased vaginal pH, and decreased local resistance, leading to vaginal inflammation. Symptoms include increased vaginal discharge, sometimes with blood or spotting, yellowish in color, watery in consistency, and in severe cases, purulent with an odor. It is recommended to use medications such as Gynecological Qianjin tablets, combined estradiol valerate tablets, and nylestriol tablets under medical guidance.

It is recommended to wash the vulva daily with warm water to maintain cleanliness and dryness in the vulvar area. Avoid using cleansers or soaps containing irritating ingredients, as they may disrupt the natural balance of vaginal flora.