What does it mean when coughing up yellow and thick phlegm?

Yellow and thick phlegm may be caused by insufficient water intake, environmental factors, acute bronchitis, pneumonia, or chronic pharyngitis. Management depends on the specific situation. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention, identify the cause through examination, and follow medical advice for treatment.

1. Insufficient water intake: When the body lacks water, moisture in the respiratory mucosa decreases, causing phlegm to become thick and difficult to expel, sometimes turning yellow. It is recommended to increase fluid intake, ensuring 1500–2000 milliliters of water daily by drinking small amounts frequently. This helps thin the phlegm, making it easier to cough up.

2. Environmental factors: Prolonged exposure to dry or dusty environments can irritate the respiratory tract, increasing secretions that may become yellow and thick due to bacterial growth. Try to improve your environment by using a humidifier to maintain air humidity between 40% and 60%. Wear a mask for protection when working in dusty conditions. Indoor plants can also help purify the air, reduce respiratory irritation, and alleviate phlegm symptoms.

3. Acute bronchitis: Often caused by viral or bacterial infection, inflammation irritates the bronchial mucosa, resulting in excessive production of yellow, thick phlegm, often accompanied by coughing, fever, and shortness of breath. Under a doctor's guidance, patients may take medications such as Amoxicillin Capsules, Ambroxol Oral Solution, or Compound Liquorice Tablets to alleviate symptoms.

4. Pneumonia: Pathogens invading the lungs cause inflammation and increased exudate from lung tissue, leading to yellow, thick phlegm. Symptoms often include high fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. It is recommended to take medications such as Cefixime Dispersible Tablets, Acetylcysteine Effervescent Tablets, or Ibuprofen Sustained-Release Capsules under a doctor's guidance to relieve symptoms.

5. Chronic pharyngitis: Chronic pharyngitis may be related to bad habits or infections. Inflammation stimulates the throat, causing mucosal congestion and edema, with increased secretions that appear yellow. Symptoms may include a foreign body sensation in the throat, dryness, or itching. Under medical guidance, patients may take medications such as Roxithromycin Capsules, Penicillin V Potassium Tablets, or Amoxicillin Tablets to relieve discomfort.

In daily life, drinking warm lemon water can help replenish fluids and relieve respiratory discomfort.