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What are the causes of back pain?

May 12, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Chen Jian
Introduction
In general, the causes of back pain may include poor posture, cold exposure, insufficient physical activity, lumbar disc herniation, ankylosing spondylitis, and other related factors. Symptomatic management typically involves general treatments and medication. In daily life, it is recommended to maintain a healthy lifestyle, engage in moderate exercise, and avoid excessive fatigue, which can help alleviate symptoms of back pain.

Generally, back pain may be caused by poor posture, cold exposure, insufficient physical activity, lumbar disc herniation, or ankylosing spondylitis. Symptomatic management usually involves general treatments and medication. If symptoms are severe, timely medical consultation is recommended, and treatment should follow medical advice. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Poor Posture

Maintaining poor posture for extended periods, such as prolonged sitting or standing, or incorrect sitting posture, can easily lead to back muscle fatigue and stiffness, resulting in pain, possibly accompanied by muscle tension and stiffness. It is recommended to adjust posture, maintain correct sitting and standing positions, and avoid staying in the same posture for long periods.

2. Cold Exposure

Inadequate warmth protection or prolonged exposure to cold environments can cause excessive contraction of back muscles, leading to pain, possibly accompanied by muscle spasms and numbness. Daily attention should be paid to staying warm, avoiding prolonged exposure to cold environments, and applying heat therapy can help relieve muscle tension and pain.

3. Insufficient Physical Activity

Lack of physical activity weakens muscle strength, making it unable to effectively support the spine, increasing the risk of spinal injury and causing back pain, possibly accompanied by general fatigue and easy tiredness. It is recommended to increase daily physical activity, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, while engaging in targeted strength training to enhance core and back muscles, improving spinal stability and flexibility.

4. Lumbar Disc Herniation

Lumbar disc herniation is usually caused by degeneration or damage to the intervertebral discs. When the outer layer of the disc ruptures, the inner nucleus pulposus protrudes outward, compressing adjacent nerve roots, causing pain, numbness, and muscle weakness. It is recommended to follow medical advice and use medications such as Gentengping Granules, Yaotongning Capsules, or Duhuo Jisheng Pills for treatment.

5. Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the spine and sacroiliac joints, causing the spine to gradually lose flexibility and become stiff, resulting in back pain, possibly accompanied by fatigue, general malaise, and eye inflammation. It is recommended to follow medical advice and use medications such as Diclofenac Sodium Sustained-release Tablets, Methylprednisolone Tablets, or Indomethacin Tablets to relieve symptoms.

In daily life, it is recommended to maintain a healthy lifestyle, engage in moderate exercise such as calisthenics or yoga, and avoid excessive fatigue, which can help alleviate back pain symptoms.

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