What are the early symptoms of chronic granulocytic leukemia?

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) typically presents with early symptoms such as fatigue and weight loss, splenomegaly, recurrent low-grade fever, minor bleeding, and dull bone or joint pain. If any abnormalities occur, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Fatigue and weight loss: Patients commonly experience tiredness and a significant decline in physical strength. Even with adequate rest, symptoms are difficult to relieve, often accompanied by unexplained weight loss. This occurs because abnormal bone marrow proliferation affects normal hematopoietic function, leading to insufficient red blood cells for oxygen transport, while tumors consume large amounts of nutrients.

2. Splenomegaly: A feeling of fullness or a palpable mass in the upper left abdomen, with mild discomfort upon pressure. Leukemia cells proliferate extensively in the spleen, causing splenic enlargement. Early symptoms may not be obvious but gradually worsen as the disease progresses.

3. Recurrent low-grade fever: Body temperature usually remains between 37.3°C and 38°C, persisting for weeks or occurring intermittently, with poor response to antibiotic treatment. Leukemia cells release inflammatory mediators that stimulate the body, or impaired leukocyte function may lead to infection, causing abnormal temperature regulation.

4. Minor bleeding: Pinpoint skin hemorrhages, bruising, bleeding gums during tooth brushing, or frequent nosebleeds. Platelet production is suppressed, resulting in reduced coagulation function and difficulty in stopping bleeding after capillary rupture, causing abnormal bleeding manifestations.

5. Dull bone or joint pain: Dull pain or aching sensation in the long bones of the lower limbs, knee joints, sternum, and other areas, exacerbated by activity and slightly relieved by rest. Leukemia cells infiltrate the bone marrow cavity, irritating the periosteum and causing bone and joint pain.

If one or more of the above symptoms persist, prompt medical consultation for complete blood count, chromosome testing, and other examinations is necessary. Regular health checkups and attention to subtle bodily changes can aid in the early diagnosis and intervention of chronic myeloid leukemia, avoiding delays in treatment timing.