Can blood donation detect thalassemia?

Thalassemia, also known as Mediterranean anemia, generally cannot be directly detected through blood donation screening. Preliminary screening results can only suggest abnormalities, and professional examinations are required for a definitive diagnosis. If abnormalities are detected, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:

Preliminary blood screening before donation mainly tests basic indicators such as hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count, which cannot specifically detect thalassemia-related genes. Thalassemia is caused by genetic defects leading to abnormal hemoglobin production and requires specialized diagnostic methods such as genetic testing or hemoglobin electrophoresis. The tests and methods used in preliminary blood donation screening are insufficient to directly determine whether a person has this disease.

Although patients with thalassemia may exhibit reduced hemoglobin levels or abnormal red blood cell parameters, abnormal preliminary screening results alone cannot definitively diagnose thalassemia. Other types of anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia or megaloblastic anemia, can also cause abnormal preliminary screening indicators. Therefore, blood donation screening can only serve as an initial reference and cannot be used alone to diagnose thalassemia. Further specialized tests are necessary for a clear diagnosis.

If abnormal blood indicators are detected during preliminary donation screening, it is important to seek timely medical evaluation at a hospital for more detailed tests, such as hemoglobin electrophoresis or genetic testing, to determine whether thalassemia or other blood disorders are present. Regardless of test results, it is essential to follow the recommendations of qualified physicians and properly manage health and subsequent medical care.