Is it possible to have a menstrual period without a uterus?

Jul 03, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhang Lu
Introduction
Menstruation occurs due to the cyclical effects of estrogen and progesterone on the endometrium, leading to endometrial proliferation and secretion, followed by shedding and bleeding. The absence of a uterus means there is no endometrial tissue foundation, making cyclical endometrial changes impossible, and thus menstruation cannot occur naturally. This applies whether the absence of the uterus is congenital or acquired due to disease or other reasons necessitating hysterectomy.

Generally speaking, a person without a uterus will not have menstrual periods. The detailed explanation is as follows:

Menses occur due to the cyclical effects of estrogen and progesterone on the endometrium, causing proliferation and secretion, followed by endometrial shedding and bleeding. Without a uterus, there is no endometrial tissue base, making the cyclical changes of the endometrium impossible, and thus menstruation cannot occur naturally. Whether the absence of a uterus is congenital or acquired due to disease or other reasons, the conditions necessary for menstruation are completely eliminated, which is entirely different from the physiological mechanism of a normal female menstrual cycle.

Some people might mistake other forms of vaginal bleeding for menstruation, such as light vaginal bleeding caused by hormonal imbalances or bleeding caused by lesions in other parts of the reproductive tract. However, these types of bleeding fundamentally differ from true menstruation caused by endometrial shedding. Even if individuals without a uterus have normal ovarian function and can secrete sex hormones, they can only maintain secondary sexual characteristics but cannot menstruate.

Individuals without a uterus should correctly understand bodily changes, undergo regular gynecological examinations, pay attention to the health of other reproductive organs such as the ovaries, and seek timely medical attention if symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding occur to rule out other diseases. Additionally, maintaining a positive mindset toward physical differences is important.