What is a brain-eating amoeba?

Jul 04, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Shen Yonghua
Introduction
Amoebas are morphologically variable and capable of moving by extending pseudopods. Most species live in water or soil, feeding on bacteria and organic matter. Pathogenic species, such as Naegleria fowleri, prefer warm and moist environments, remaining active in water or soil at temperatures ranging from 25–40°C, and can multiply rapidly under favorable conditions.

  The term "brain-eating amoeba" generally refers to amoebas, which are single-celled protozoa. Certain species may parasitize the human body and cause diseases. If you have concerns, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional in advance. Detailed analysis is as follows:

  In terms of morphology and habitat, amoebas have variable shapes and can move by extending pseudopodia. Most species live in water and soil, feeding on bacteria and organic matter. Pathogenic species such as Naegleria fowleri prefer warm and moist environments and are active in water or soil at temperatures between 25-40°C, multiplying rapidly under favorable conditions.

  Regarding their impact on the human body, certain amoebas can invade the body and parasitize areas such as the intestines, liver, and brain. Intestinal infections may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and mucus-filled or bloody stools. Invasion of the brain leads to severe symptoms such as intense headaches, fever, and coma. As these amoebas damage brain tissue, the fatality rate is extremely high.

  In daily life, avoid contact with untreated natural water sources, do not drink unboiled water, consume washed or cooked food, and promptly clean the skin after contact with soil. If unexplained gastrointestinal or neurological symptoms occur, seek immediate medical attention for diagnosis.