What causes uterine pain?

Generally, uterine pain may be caused by factors such as uterine contractions during menstruation, follicular rupture during ovulation, endometritis, adenomyosis, uterine fibroid degeneration, and others. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention, identify the underlying cause, and undergo symptomatic treatment under a doctor's guidance. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Menstrual Uterine Contractions: During menstruation, strong contractions of the uterine muscles help expel menstrual blood. Excessive contractions may cause pain, presenting as intermittent cramping pain in the lower abdomen. Pain may intensify when menstrual flow increases and subsides after the menstrual period ends. Keep the abdomen warm during menstruation, avoid cold exposure, apply heat to the lower abdomen to relieve contractions, reduce intake of spicy and cold foods, and drink warm brown sugar ginger tea appropriately to alleviate discomfort.

2. Ovulation-Related Follicular Rupture Stimulation: During ovulation, the follicle ruptures, releasing a small amount of fluid into the pelvic cavity, which may irritate the uterus and surrounding tissues, causing mild pain. This pain is often one-sided, located in the lower abdomen, lasts for several hours to 1-2 days, and resolves spontaneously. Avoid strenuous activity during ovulation, reduce abdominal pressure, rest when experiencing pain, no special treatment is usually needed, and maintain emotional relaxation to avoid anxiety caused by excessive focus on the pain.

3. Endometritis: Infection of the endometrium by pathogens such as bacteria causes inflammation, leading to uterine congestion and edema, resulting in pain, often accompanied by fever and increased vaginal discharge. Pain worsens after physical activity. Maintain external genital hygiene, avoid sexual intercourse, and take anti-infective medications such as metronidazole tablets, cefixime capsules, and levofloxacin tablets as prescribed. Pain gradually subsides once the inflammation is controlled.

4. Adenomyosis: The endometrium invades the muscular layer of the uterus and proliferates and bleeds cyclically with the menstrual cycle, stimulating the muscle layer and causing pain. This manifests as progressively worsening dysmenorrhea, with pain spreading to the lower abdomen and lumbosacral region, and lingering dull pain even after menstruation ends. Avoid physical exhaustion during menstruation, and take medications such as ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, naproxen tablets, or dydrogesterone tablets as directed to alleviate symptoms and reduce stimulation of the muscle layer by bleeding.

5. Uterine Fibroid Degeneration: Uterine fibroids may undergo degeneration due to ischemia or infection, leading to an enlarged uterus and increased tension, causing pain accompanied by abdominal heaviness and significant tenderness at the fibroid site. Pain is severe during acute episodes of degeneration. Immediately rest in bed and avoid abdominal palpation. If degeneration is severe or the fibroid is excessively large, laparoscopic myomectomy may be required to remove the fibroid tissue and relieve the pain.

Maintain a regular lifestyle in daily life, avoid excessive fatigue that weakens the body's immunity, practice effective contraception, minimize uterine cavity procedures such as induced abortions, and reduce the risk of uterine injury and infection. Regular gynecological examinations are recommended to detect abnormalities early and implement timely interventions, thus maintaining uterine health.