What does a total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 4.76 ng/ml mean, and what should I do?

　　A total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 4.76 ng/ml may be caused by aging, prostate massage, prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostate polyps. This condition can usually be managed through regular follow-up tests, medication, or further examinations. If abnormalities are detected, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:

　　1. Aging: With increasing age, the prostate tissue may gradually enlarge, potentially causing a mild increase in total PSA levels. It is recommended to undergo regular prostate examinations to monitor changes in PSA levels; specific treatment is generally unnecessary.

　　2. Prostate Massage: Recent prostate massage might stimulate prostate tissue, temporarily increasing total PSA levels. Avoid prostate massage within a short period and recheck after some time, as PSA levels typically return to normal.

　　3. Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate causes damage to the epithelial cells of the prostate glands due to inflammatory stimulation, leading to increased release of total PSA into the bloodstream. Symptoms often include frequent urination, urgency, painful urination, and perineal discomfort. Treatment primarily involves following medical advice to use medications such as levofloxacin tablets, azithromycin dispersible tablets, and Qianlieshutong capsules.

　　4. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Benign proliferation of prostate cells can compress the urethra, and the proliferative tissue may cause elevated total PSA levels. Symptoms often include difficulty urinating, reduced urine flow, and increased nocturia. Doctors generally recommend medications such as finasteride tablets, tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release capsules, and Qianliekang tablets.

　　5. Prostate Polyps: Prostatic ducts or glandular epithelial proliferation forming polyps may cause a mild increase in total PSA levels. Symptoms often include frequent urination and hematuria. Further examination under medical guidance is recommended, and surgical removal may be necessary in some cases.

　　In daily life, maintaining a regular routine, avoiding prolonged sitting, engaging in appropriate physical exercise, and undergoing regular prostate health check-ups—especially for middle-aged and elderly men—are recommended to detect abnormalities early and ensure timely management.