How is astigmatism in children caused?

Jul 21, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhou Xiaofeng

Introduction

In general, childhood astigmatism may be caused by abnormal corneal development, uneven refractive power of the lens, eyelash irritation, allergic conjunctivitis, keratoconus, or other factors. If discomfort occurs, prompt medical attention is recommended. In daily life, children should maintain proper reading and writing posture and avoid prolonged near-eye work.

In general, astigmatism in children may be caused by abnormal corneal development, uneven refractive power of the lens, eyelash irritation, allergic conjunctivitis, keratoconus, and other factors. If discomfort occurs, timely medical attention is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Abnormal Corneal Development

Irregular corneal shape and uneven curvature during development can lead to abnormal light refraction, causing astigmatism. Parents should prevent children from rubbing their eyes to reduce corneal pressure and schedule regular vision check-ups to monitor corneal changes.

2. Uneven Refractive Power of the Lens

Uneven density distribution during lens development can lead to inconsistent refractive ability, causing abnormal light focusing and astigmatism. Ensure children maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins, and limit screen time to avoid excessive lens accommodation.

3. Trichiasis (In-turned Eyelashes)

Inward-growing eyelashes repeatedly rub against the cornea, altering its shape and inducing astigmatism. Minor cases can be treated by epilation performed by a physician. More severe cases may require electrolysis or other procedures, followed by maintaining ocular hygiene post-treatment.

4. Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergy-induced conjunctival inflammation can cause conjunctival edema that compresses the cornea, affecting its refraction and leading to astigmatism. Treatment may include antihistamine eye drops such as levocabastine hydrochloride, emedastine difumarate, or olopatadine, under medical guidance, along with allergen avoidance.

5. Keratoconus

Progressive thinning and forward protrusion of the cornea can cause worsening astigmatism and may be accompanied by declining vision. Early medical evaluation is essential. Vision correction may involve rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, while progressive cases may require surgical intervention following physician evaluation.

In daily life, ensure children maintain proper reading and writing posture, avoid prolonged near work, schedule regular vision examinations for early detection and intervention, and emphasize good ocular hygiene to prevent infections.

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