Are patients who have undergone cholecystectomy more likely to develop colorectal cancer?

Jul 29, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Gao Jun

Introduction

In general, patients who have undergone cholecystectomy have a slightly higher risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to the general population, but the increase is not significant, and there is no need for excessive concern. Individuals who have had their gallbladder removed do not need to increase the frequency of screening; following the standard guidelines for the general population is sufficient. Maintaining a high-fiber diet, reducing red meat consumption, and engaging in regular physical activity can help lower the overall risk of colorectal cancer.

Generally, patients who have undergone cholecystectomy have a slightly higher risk of developing colorectal cancer compared to the general population, but this increase is not significant and does not warrant excessive concern. Detailed analysis is as follows:

After cholecystectomy, bile cannot be stored or concentrated and continuously flows into the intestines, potentially increasing the production of secondary bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid. Long-term stimulation of the intestinal mucosa by secondary bile acids may theoretically elevate the risk of mutations in colorectal cells. The incidence of colorectal cancer in individuals who have undergone cholecystectomy is approximately 1.1 to 1.3 times higher than in the general population, with a slightly increased risk particularly more than 10 years post-surgery. However, the overall absolute risk remains low.

It should be noted that this association does not imply causation. Colorectal cancer development results from multiple factors, including genetics, diet, and obesity, with cholecystectomy being only a potential minor contributing factor. Individuals who have undergone cholecystectomy do not require increased frequency of screening and should follow the standard screening guidelines for the general population. Maintaining a high-fiber diet, reducing red meat consumption, and engaging in regular physical activity can help reduce the overall risk of colorectal cancer.

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