What causes reduced urine output and dark yellow urine?

　　In general, reduced urine output and yellow urine may be caused by factors such as insufficient water intake, excessive sweating, urethritis, cholecystitis, and acute glomerulonephritis. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly to identify the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment under a doctor's guidance. Detailed explanations are as follows:

　　1. Insufficient water intake: A low daily water intake can lead to concentrated urine, resulting in decreased urine volume and darker yellow coloration. Increasing daily water consumption to maintain adequate hydration can gradually lighten the urine color and restore normal urine volume.

　　2. Excessive sweating: In high-temperature environments or after intense physical activity, excessive perspiration may reduce body fluids, leading to concentrated urine with decreased volume and yellowish coloration. Prompt rehydration with water and electrolytes can help prevent dehydration and alleviate these symptoms.

　　3. Urethritis: Bacterial infection causing inflammation of the urethra may lead to mucosal congestion and edema, resulting in reduced urine output. Yellowish discoloration of the urine may occur due to the presence of inflammatory substances, often accompanied by painful urination and urgency. Patients may follow medical advice to use medications such as Levofloxacin Tablets, Cefixime Capsules, or Azithromycin Dispersible Tablets for treatment.

　　4. Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder affecting bile excretion may lead to abnormal bilirubin metabolism and excretion into the urine, causing darkened urine color. Urine output may also be indirectly reduced due to impaired digestive function, often accompanied by right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Patients may follow medical advice to use medications such as Ursodeoxycholic Acid Tablets, Anti-inflammatory and Gallbladder-relieving Tablets, or Cefuroxime Axetil Tablets for treatment.

　　5. Acute glomerulonephritis: Impaired glomerular filtration function may lead to reduced urine output, with abnormal components in the urine causing yellowish discoloration. Symptoms may include edema and hypertension. Patients should follow medical advice to use medications such as Prednisone Tablets, Furosemide Tablets, or Shenfukang Capsules. In severe cases, hemodialysis may be required to help remove metabolic waste from the body.

　　In daily life, it is important to develop a habit of regular water intake and avoid prolonged exposure to high-temperature environments. Maintain good personal hygiene to prevent urinary tract infections, follow a light diet, reduce consumption of spicy and irritating foods, and promote urinary system health.