Why do premature infants at 33 weeks require close monitoring?

Under normal circumstances, infants born at 33 weeks gestation may require close monitoring due to factors such as immature respiratory system development, poor temperature regulation, high risk of infection, susceptibility to worsening jaundice, and weak digestive system function. If any abnormalities occur, prompt professional medical attention is advised. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Immature Respiratory System Development

Infants born at 33 weeks often have fewer alveoli and insufficient surfactant production, making them prone to respiratory distress syndrome, which manifests as rapid or labored breathing. Under medical guidance, medications such as porcine pulmonary phospholipid injection or bovine pulmonary surfactant injection may be used to improve respiratory function, and ventilatory support might also be necessary.

2. Poor Temperature Regulation

Preterm infants have low levels of brown fat and an underdeveloped thermoregulatory center, making them susceptible to hypothermia or temperature fluctuations due to environmental influences. These infants should be placed in an incubator, with the temperature adjusted according to their weight and age to maintain a stable body temperature between 36.5°C and 37.5°C.

3. High Risk of Infection

Preterm infants have weak mucocutaneous barrier function and low immunoglobulin levels, making them prone to infectious diseases such as sepsis and pneumonia. Strict aseptic techniques should be followed by healthcare providers, and antibiotics such as penicillin G sodium for injection or cefotaxime sodium for injection may be used under medical guidance to prevent or treat infections.

4. Susceptibility to Worsening Jaundice

Due to immature liver function and poor bilirubin metabolism, preterm infants are prone to develop prolonged and severe pathological jaundice, which can lead to bilirubin encephalopathy. Close monitoring of bilirubin levels is essential, and phototherapy should be promptly initiated when indicated. Under medical guidance, phenobarbital sodium tablets may be used to enhance bilirubin metabolism if necessary.

5. Weak Digestive System Function

Preterm infants often have poor coordination of sucking and swallowing reflexes and weak gastrointestinal motility, making them susceptible to feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis. Initial feeding may begin with minimal enteral feeding, gradually increasing milk volume. If symptoms such as abdominal distension or vomiting occur, feeding should be temporarily stopped, and parenteral nutrition provided. Under medical guidance, Bifidobacterium triple viable powder may be used to regulate intestinal flora.

During care, it is important to maintain a clean and hygienic living environment for the preterm infant, with regular disinfection. Feeding should strictly follow healthcare professionals' instructions to avoid overfeeding or underfeeding. Close observation of vital signs, including heart rate, respiration, and body temperature, is essential. Regular growth and developmental assessments should be conducted, with timely adjustments to the care plan.