What are the causes of endometriosis?

Aug 21, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Lu

Introduction

In general, the main causes of endometriosis include retrograde menstruation, genetic factors, abnormal immune function, endocrine disorders, and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. If discomfort symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek timely treatment at a正规 hospital. In daily life, one should maintain good hygiene of the external genitalia and avoid unclean sexual practices.

Generally, the main causes of endometriosis include retrograde menstruation, genetic factors, abnormal immune function, endocrine disorders, and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. If discomfort symptoms occur, timely treatment at a regular hospital is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Retrograde Menstruation

During menstruation, some menstrual blood mixed with endometrial tissue flows backward into the fallopian tubes and enters the pelvic cavity, where it implants on the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, and other areas, gradually forming ectopic lesions. Vigorous physical activity and sexual intercourse should be avoided during menstruation to reduce the risk of retrograde flow.

2. Genetic Factors

Women with a family history of endometriosis have a significantly higher incidence compared to the general population. Genetic factors may influence the adhesion and invasion ability of endometrial tissue. Individuals with a family history should undergo regular gynecological examinations for early detection and intervention.

3. Immune Dysfunction

The immune system fails to promptly eliminate ectopic endometrial tissue, allowing it to grow within the pelvic cavity. Under a physician's guidance, immunomodulatory medications such as transfer factor oral solution, thymopeptide enteric-coated tablets, and pidotimod oral solution may be used.

4. Endocrine Imbalance

Elevated estrogen levels or relatively insufficient progesterone levels may promote the proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissue. Under medical supervision, hormonal regulation can be achieved using medications such as dydrogesterone tablets, medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets, and progesterone soft capsules.

5. Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Chronic pelvic inflammation alters the pelvic environment, increasing the likelihood of implantation of displaced endometrial tissue. Mild cases may be treated with medications such as cefixime capsules, metronidazole tablets, and azithromycin dispersible tablets, as directed by a physician. Severe cases may require laparoscopic pelvic adhesion lysis surgery.

In daily life, maintaining external genital hygiene and avoiding unclean sexual practices are important. Adequate rest during menstruation and avoiding excessive fatigue are advised. A balanced diet with reduced intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods, along with moderate exercise to enhance physical fitness, is recommended. Regular gynecological ultrasound examinations should be conducted to monitor disease progression.

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