What are the differences between pit and fissure sealing and dental fillings?

Generally speaking, although both pit and fissure sealing and dental fillings are used for oral health maintenance, they differ significantly in several aspects including target areas, working principles, timing of procedures, materials used, and subsequent effects. The specific differences are as follows:

1. Target Areas: Pit and fissure sealing mainly targets deep pits and fissures on the occlusal surfaces of teeth, and is applied to healthy teeth that have not experienced decay. These areas tend to accumulate food debris and are difficult to clean, so sealing can provide preventive protection. In contrast, dental fillings are used for teeth that have already developed decay, including cavities formed on the tooth surface or dental tissue loss. Decayed tissue must first be removed before filling.

2. Working Principles: Pit and fissure sealing involves applying a sealing agent into the pits and fissures of teeth to form a tightly adhered protective layer, directly preventing food debris, bacteria from entering the fissures and preventing decay at its source. Dental fillings involve filling cavities with specialized materials, which can restore the tooth's normal shape and chewing function, prevent further decay progression, and alleviate tooth sensitivity and pain caused by decay.

3. Timing of Procedures: Pit and fissure sealing has strict optimal timing. The key stages are when children's primary teeth have fully erupted and when permanent teeth initially erupt. For example, ages 6–8 years old are the ideal time for sealing permanent teeth, during which the teeth have newly erupted, have deep fissures, and no decay, making the sealing most effective. Fillings have no fixed timing. As soon as signs of decay appear, such as blackened tooth surfaces, cavities, or pain during eating, prompt dental treatment is required to prevent worsening decay.

4. Materials Used: Pit and fissure sealing mainly uses resin-based sealants. These materials have good flowability and strong adhesion, enabling them to tightly adhere to the pits and fissures. After curing, they offer high strength and long-lasting protection. Fillings involve more material options, including resin and glass ionomer materials. Among them, resin materials are widely used due to their natural tooth-like color, excellent bonding and wear resistance. The choice of material depends on the extent of decay and the location of the affected tooth.

5. Subsequent Effects: After pit and fissure sealing, the sealant may wear off or detach due to chewing or brushing. A check-up every six months to one year is recommended, and if detachment occurs, re-sealing should be performed promptly to ensure continuous protection. After dental fillings, the filling material may experience wear, loosening, or detachment. Patients should avoid chewing hard foods with the filled tooth, maintain good oral hygiene, and undergo regular check-ups. If the filling material becomes damaged or decay recurs, timely treatment is necessary.

Maintaining good oral hygiene in daily life is essential. Brush teeth twice daily, rinse after meals, and undergo regular dental check-ups. Choose appropriate dental protection or treatment methods based on individual dental conditions to maintain dental health.