What are the risks associated with phimosis?
Aug 22, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Cao Zhiqiang
Introduction
Phimosis causes narrowing of the preputial opening, leading to obstruction during urination and resulting in symptoms such as a weak urine stream and prolonged urination. Long-term obstruction may lead to residual urine, increased burden on the urinary system, and impaired normal urination function. The foreskin cannot be fully retracted, making it easy for secretions and dirt to accumulate inside the foreskin, forming smegma and promoting bacterial growth.
Phimosis can cause various health issues, generally including difficulty urinating, increased risk of genital infections, impaired genital development, discomfort during sexual activity, and higher risks of urinary system diseases. Detailed explanations are as follows:
1. Difficulty Urinating: Phimosis can cause narrowing of the foreskin opening, obstructing the flow of urine and resulting in symptoms such as a weak urine stream and prolonged urination. Long-term obstruction may lead to residual urine, increasing the burden on the urinary system and affecting normal urination function.
2. Genital Infections: The foreskin may be unable to retract fully, allowing secretions and dirt to accumulate beneath it, forming smegma, which promotes bacterial growth. Excessive bacterial proliferation can lead to conditions such as balanitis and posthitis, manifesting as local redness, itching, pain, and in severe cases, purulent discharge.
3. Impaired Genital Development: Phimosis during childhood may restrict the normal growth space of the genitalia, affecting its development. After puberty, abnormal genital appearance may occur, differing significantly from peers, which can cause psychological stress.
4. Increased Discomfort During Sexual Activity: In adults, phimosis can make it difficult to retract the foreskin during sexual intercourse, causing severe pain and affecting sexual satisfaction. Additionally, the glans being constantly covered by the foreskin might alter its sensitivity, potentially leading to premature ejaculation and affecting both partners' experiences.
5. Increased Risk of Urinary Tract Diseases: Long-term residual urine and recurring infections may lead to urinary tract diseases such as urethritis and cystitis. If inflammation spreads upward, it may also affect kidney function, posing a threat to the overall health of the urinary system.
Once phimosis is detected, early attention is necessary. During childhood, routine care and observation can be conducted under a doctor's guidance. If symptoms persist or worsen, timely medical consultation is essential to determine whether surgical treatment is required. Adult patients should actively seek treatment to avoid worsening complications that may affect health and quality of life.
