What foods should patients with thyroid abnormalities avoid eating?

Patients with thyroid abnormalities should generally pay attention to their diet, particularly regarding high-iodine foods, raw cruciferous vegetables, spicy foods, high-fat foods, and caffeinated beverages. If concerned, it is recommended to seek medical advice in advance. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. High-iodine foods: Such as kelp, nori, sea fish, and shrimp. Iodine is a raw material for synthesizing thyroid hormones. Excessive intake may worsen hormonal imbalances in patients with hyperthyroidism. For patients with hypothyroidism caused by autoimmune thyroiditis, excessive iodine intake might also stimulate the thyroid gland and be detrimental to disease control. Strict restrictions should be applied according to the specific type.

2. Raw cruciferous vegetables: Such as cabbage, broccoli, and radishes. These contain thiocyanates, which may interfere with the thyroid's ability to utilize iodine and affect hormone synthesis when consumed raw. Patients with hypothyroidism or a tendency toward goiter should be cautious. Cooking can reduce the content of these substances, thereby decreasing their impact on the thyroid.

3. Spicy foods: Such as chili peppers, Sichuan peppercorns, excessive ginger, and excessive garlic. These foods can stimulate metabolic activity, potentially worsening symptoms such as palpitations and excessive sweating in patients with hyperthyroidism. They may also affect inflammation control in patients with thyroiditis, which is unfavorable for disease stability.

4. High-fat foods: Such as fatty meats, fried foods, and animal offal. Patients with hypothyroidism often experience slowed metabolism and elevated blood lipids. Consuming excessive high-fat foods may further worsen lipid abnormalities, increase cardiovascular burden, and negatively impact overall health.

5. Caffeinated beverages: Such as strong tea and coffee. Caffeine stimulates the nervous system and may exacerbate symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and rapid heartbeat in patients with hyperthyroidism. It may also interfere with the absorption of thyroid medications, affecting treatment effectiveness. It is recommended to avoid or minimize consumption.

Dietary adjustments for patients with thyroid abnormalities should be individualized and made in accordance with specific conditions and medical advice. Regular re-examination of thyroid function is recommended, with dietary adjustments based on changes in test indicators.