What are the differences between acetaminophen and ibuprofen?
Sep 10, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Common formulations of acetaminophen include tablets, while common formulations of ibuprofen include tablets and capsules. Under normal circumstances, differences between acetaminophen and ibuprofen are reflected in aspects such as anti-inflammatory effects, types of pain for which they are indicated, gastrointestinal irritation, effects on liver and kidney function, and usage restrictions in special populations. In addition, neither of these medications should be taken in excessive amounts over a prolonged period to avoid causing organ damage.
Common formulations of paracetamol include tablets, while common formulations of ibuprofen include tablets and capsules. Generally, differences between paracetamol and ibuprofen are evident in aspects such as anti-inflammatory effects, types of pain suited for treatment, gastrointestinal irritation, effects on liver and kidney function, and usage restrictions in special populations. A detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Anti-inflammatory Effect
Paracetamol primarily provides antipyretic and analgesic effects, with almost no anti-inflammatory activity, and thus cannot relieve symptoms such as redness, swelling, or pain caused by inflammation. Ibuprofen belongs to the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and has clear anti-inflammatory properties. It alleviates inflammatory responses by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, making it suitable for pain relief related to inflammation.
2. Types of Pain Treated
Paracetamol is more suitable for relieving mild to moderate headaches, toothaches, muscle pain, and fever associated with the common cold, but has limited efficacy in alleviating pain caused by inflammatory conditions. In addition to relieving the aforementioned types of pain, ibuprofen is more effective in treating inflammatory joint pains such as those associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, as well as dysmenorrhea.
3. Gastrointestinal Irritation
Paracetamol causes minimal irritation to the gastrointestinal mucosa and is less likely to cause discomfort such as nausea or stomach pain when taken on an empty stomach. Ibuprofen, however, causes relatively more noticeable gastrointestinal irritation and taking it on an empty stomach may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort. Patients with gastrointestinal disorders should use it cautiously and are advised to take it with food or after a meal.
4. Effects on Liver and Kidney Function
Paracetamol is primarily metabolized in the liver, and overdose can easily cause liver damage. Dose adjustment is required for patients with renal insufficiency. Ibuprofen has a greater impact on kidney function, and long-term or excessive use may increase the burden on the kidneys. Patients with underlying kidney disease should consult a physician before using ibuprofen.
5. Usage Restrictions in Special Populations
Paracetamol has no obvious contraindications for patients with hyperthyroidism, but dosage control is necessary. Ibuprofen should be used with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, as it may increase the body's metabolic burden. Additionally, ibuprofen is contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy, while paracetamol may be used under a physician's guidance during specific stages of pregnancy.
In addition, neither medication should be used long-term or in excessive doses to avoid organ damage. Both are contraindicated in individuals allergic to their components. If allergic reactions such as rash or difficulty breathing occur during use, discontinue the medication immediately and seek medical attention.
