What are the side effects of Niuhuang Jiedu tablets?
Sep 12, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for clearing heat and relieving fire syndrome, the main side effects of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets include gastrointestinal injury, liver and kidney function impairment, allergic reactions, neurological discomfort, and hematological system abnormalities. When using Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets, it is important to clearly identify the applicable syndrome patterns and use them only for symptoms caused by excessive internal heat. They should not be taken for a prolonged period or in excessive doses, and the treatment course generally should not exceed three days.
Generally, as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for clearing heat and fire, Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets have side effects mainly including gastrointestinal injury, liver and kidney function damage, allergic reactions, neurological discomfort, and blood system abnormalities. A detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Gastrointestinal Injury: Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets contain ingredients such as realgar and rhubarb, which are bitter and cold in nature. After ingestion, they may easily irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Long-term use may lead to gastric mucosal erosion and gastric ulcers. Symptoms are more pronounced in individuals with deficiency-cold of the spleen and stomach.
2. Liver and Kidney Function Damage: Realgar in this medicine contains arsenic, which must be metabolized through the liver and kidneys. Long-term or excessive use may lead to arsenic accumulation in the body, damaging liver cells and renal tubules. This may manifest as elevated transaminase levels, abnormal bilirubin, oliguria, edema, and in severe cases, liver failure or kidney failure.
3. Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to ingredients such as bezoar and Scutellaria baicalensis in Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets. Symptoms such as rash, itching, and skin swelling may occur after ingestion. Severe reactions may include anaphylactic shock and laryngeal edema, which can be life-threatening. Extra caution is required for individuals with allergic constitutions.
4. Neurological Discomfort: Some individuals may experience neurological symptoms such as dizziness, headache, somnolence, and restlessness after taking the medication. These symptoms are often related to central nervous system stimulation by the drug components or indirect effects on nerve function due to liver or kidney damage. Symptoms usually subside with rest if mild.
5. Blood System Abnormalities: Long-term use of Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets may affect hematopoietic function, leading to blood system abnormalities such as reduced white blood cell count, reduced platelet count, and anemia. Symptoms may include fatigue, pale complexion, gum bleeding, and skin bruising, requiring monitoring through routine blood tests.
When using Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets, it is important to ensure the appropriate syndrome pattern is diagnosed. The medication should only be used for symptoms caused by excessive internal heat and should not be taken for long periods or in excessive doses. The typical treatment course should not exceed three days. It is contraindicated for pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and patients with impaired liver or kidney function. Medication must be taken under medical guidance, and dosage adjustments should not be made without authorization.
