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What causes nosebleeds?

Sep 15, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Lei
Introduction
In general, the main causes of nosebleeds include dryness and rupture of the nasal mucosa, irritation of the nasal mucosa, rhinitis, deviated nasal septum, and abnormal blood clotting function. If nosebleeds occur frequently or involve heavy bleeding, it is recommended to seek timely medical treatment at a qualified hospital. In daily life, it is important to keep the nasal cavity clean and moist, and avoid forcefully picking the nose.

Generally, the main causes of nosebleeds include dryness and rupture of nasal mucosa, irritation of nasal mucosa, rhinitis, deviated nasal septum, and abnormal coagulation function. If nosebleeds occur frequently or involve heavy bleeding, it is recommended to seek timely medical treatment at a qualified hospital. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Dryness and Rupture of Nasal Mucosa

Dry air and insufficient water intake can lead to dry nasal mucosa, increasing the fragility of blood vessels beneath the mucosa and making them prone to rupture and cause nosebleeds. Daily care should include maintaining indoor air humidity, using a humidifier, drinking more water, and avoiding bad habits such as nose picking.

2. Nasal Mucosa Irritation

Inhalation of irritant gases or exposure to allergens can irritate the nasal mucosa, causing congestion, swelling, and easy rupture of blood vessels leading to bleeding. Avoid exposure to irritants, wear a mask when going outdoors, and reduce nasal mucosal irritation.

3. Rhinitis

Inflammatory conditions such as allergic rhinitis and acute rhinitis can leave nasal mucosa in a state of congestion and edema, making the submucosal blood vessels prone to rupture and bleeding. Allergic rhinitis can be treated with medications such as budesonide nasal spray, mometasone furoate nasal spray, and loratadine tablets under a doctor's guidance. Acute rhinitis can be treated with medications such as ephedrine hydrochloride nasal drops and cefaclor capsules.

4. Deviated Nasal Septum

The mucosa at the deviated portion of the nasal septum is thinner and prone to damage and bleeding from airflow impact. If symptoms are mild, avoid forceful nose-blowing and keep nasal passages moist to alleviate symptoms. If bleeding is frequent or affects breathing, septoplasty may be required under a doctor's guidance.

5. Abnormal Coagulation Function

Conditions such as thrombocytopenia and vitamin K deficiency can lead to impaired coagulation function, making it difficult for nasal bleeding to stop spontaneously. Treatment should target the underlying cause under a doctor's supervision—for example, thrombocytopenia may be treated with prednisone tablets or recombinant human thrombopoietin injection, and vitamin K deficiency can be corrected with vitamin K1 injection.

In daily life, maintain clean and moist nasal passages and avoid forceful nose picking; eat a light diet and consume more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins; maintain regular作息 (作息 here may refer to作息 patterns or routines), avoid excessive fatigue; exercise regularly to enhance physical resistance.

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