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What are the main examinations in urology?

Sep 15, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Cao Zhiqiang
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, urology primarily focuses on the examination of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. Common diagnostic procedures include urinalysis, ultrasound examinations, endoscopic examinations, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. These examinations can help detect lesions or functional abnormalities in the relevant organs. Prior to undergoing urological examinations, it is recommended to follow the instructions provided by the physician to prepare accordingly.

Generally, urology mainly focuses on the examination of the urinary system and male reproductive system. Common diagnostic procedures include urinalysis, ultrasound, endoscopy, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. These examinations help detect lesions or functional abnormalities in related organs. The specific analyses are as follows:

1. Urinalysis: One of the basic tests in urology, including routine urinalysis and urine culture. Routine urinalysis can detect components such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and proteins in the urine, helping to identify conditions such as urinary tract infections, hematuria, and proteinuria.

2. Ultrasound: This non-invasive and convenient examination is commonly used to evaluate the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and prostate. Ultrasound can visualize the shape, size, and structure of these organs to detect abnormalities, such as kidney stones or cysts, and identify bladder tumors or abnormal post-void residual urine volume.

3. Endoscopy: Common procedures include cystoscopy and ureteroscopy. Cystoscopy allows direct visualization of the bladder mucosa to detect conditions such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. It also allows for tissue sampling for pathological biopsy.

4. Imaging studies: In addition to ultrasound, these include CT and MRI. CT scanning offers high resolution and can more clearly depict lesion details in urinary system organs, such as the size, location, and extent of kidney tumors.

5. Laboratory tests: In addition to urinalysis, these include blood tests. For example, measuring blood creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels helps assess kidney function. In men, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing may be performed to assist in evaluating the likelihood of prostate cancer.

Prior to undergoing urological examinations, it is recommended to follow medical advice regarding preparation, such as bladder filling or fasting for certain tests, to ensure accurate results. If abnormalities are detected after the examination, timely communication with a physician is important to develop an appropriate treatment or follow-up plan.

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