What are the treatment methods for underbite (crossbite) teeth?

Underbite, also known as reverse bite, can generally be treated through various methods including early orthodontic intervention, fixed appliances, clear aligners, orthognathic surgery, and myofunctional training. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Early Orthodontic Intervention

This method is suitable for children during the primary dentition or mixed dentition stages. At this time, the jawbones are still growing and developing. Using removable appliances to apply corrective forces helps guide normal jaw growth and adjust the occlusal relationship between teeth, preventing the underbite from worsening. Children need regular follow-up visits so that the dentist can adjust the appliance’s force and shape accordingly. Parents should also supervise their child to ensure proper wear of the appliance.

2. Fixed Appliances

Brackets and archwires are bonded to the tooth surfaces, and the elasticity of the archwire applies continuous force to gradually pull forward-positioned lower teeth back into their correct alignment, thereby correcting the bite relationship between upper and lower jaws. Maintaining good oral hygiene during treatment is essential—food debris trapped in the appliance after meals should be cleaned promptly to prevent cavities and gingivitis. Regular check-ups allow the dentist to adjust the tension of the wires as needed.

3. Clear Aligners

Custom-made transparent aligners are designed based on the severity of dental malocclusion. A series of aligners gradually shift teeth into proper position to correct the underbite. These clear aligners are aesthetically pleasing and removable, minimizing impact on social interactions. Proper cleaning of both the aligners and teeth is crucial when removing or inserting them to avoid food accumulation. Aligners must be replaced according to the doctor's instructions at scheduled intervals to ensure effective treatment outcomes.

4. Orthognathic Surgery

For adults with severe skeletal underbites, surgical correction involves repositioning the upper and/or lower jawbones—moving the lower jaw backward or the upper jaw forward—to restore normal jaw relationships and proper dental occlusion. This procedure is typically combined with orthodontic treatment. Pre- and post-operative oral care must be strictly followed as instructed. After surgery, patients should avoid strenuous physical activity and gradually resume a normal diet.

5. Myofunctional Training

Specific exercises targeting oral muscles help eliminate不良 oral habits, strengthen relevant muscle groups, and assist in adjusting dental occlusion and jaw positioning, thus stabilizing the results of orthodontic treatment. This training requires long-term commitment. Patients can learn correct techniques under professional guidance and incorporate them into daily oral care routines.

In addition, patients should undergo comprehensive oral and imaging examinations before starting treatment. During treatment, regular follow-up appointments must be attended as directed. After treatment, proper dental maintenance is essential—avoiding bad habits such as thumb-sucking or mouth breathing—to prevent relapse of the underbite. If any abnormalities such as tooth pain occur during treatment, prompt medical attention is necessary.