What are the side effects of liposuction surgery?
Sep 19, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lv Renrong
Introduction
In general, liposuction is a traumatic cosmetic procedure, and common complications include infection, surface irregularities, fat embolism, sensory loss, and fluid imbalance. During recovery, compression garments should be worn continuously for three to six months, and strenuous exercise should be avoided. The diet should emphasize high-quality protein and vitamin C to promote collagen synthesis. If symptoms such as fever, severe pain, or wound discharge occur, prompt medical review on the same day is required.
Generally speaking, liposuction is a traumatic cosmetic procedure that may still leave various medical complications after surgery. Common postoperative sequelae include infection, surface irregularities, fat embolism, sensory loss, and fluid imbalance. A detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Infection
If the incision becomes contaminated by bacteria, redness, swelling, heat, pain, or even pus discharge may develop within a few days. The most common causes are inadequate sterile technique during surgery or premature exposure to water after returning home. Mild cases can be treated with oral cefixime or amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium; however, if an abscess forms, hospital readmission for incision and drainage is required.
2. Skin Irregularities
Uneven fat removal or poor elastic fiber retraction can result in a "ridged" or uneven appearance. Continuous compression with elastic garments and manual massage after surgery can improve mild deformities, while significant depressions often require secondary corrective procedures.
3. Fat Embolism
When fat particles enter blood vessels and travel to the lungs or brain, patients may suddenly develop dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and altered consciousness—this is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate resuscitation. Standard treatments include anticoagulation (e.g., low molecular weight heparin calcium), oxygen therapy, and intensive care monitoring.
4. Sensory Abnormalities
Nerve friction or traction caused by the suction cannula often leads to numbness or tingling sensations postoperatively, commonly affecting the abdomen and anterior-lateral thighs. Most patients experience spontaneous recovery within three to six months as nerves regenerate, and adjunctive treatment with mecobalamin may support nerve repair.
5. Fluid Imbalance
Excessive single-session fat removal or inadequate fluid replacement can lead to hypovolemic shock. The surgical team must continuously monitor blood pressure and urine output, and administer intravenous crystalloid solutions such as lactated Ringer's solution as needed.
During recovery, patients should wear compression garments continuously for three to six months and avoid strenuous physical activity. Nutrition should emphasize high-quality protein and vitamin C intake to promote collagen synthesis. Immediate medical follow-up is necessary if fever, severe pain, or wound discharge occurs. Liposuction outcomes are influenced by individual factors such as skin elasticity and basal metabolism; therefore, thorough consultation with a qualified physician is essential before surgery to weigh potential benefits against risks.
