What is the effect of venous phlebotomy?

Generally, venous phlebotomy, as a professional medical procedure, is primarily used to treat specific blood disorders, improve blood conditions, and assist in diagnosis. Its specific applications include treating polycythemia vera, reducing blood viscosity, aiding in the treatment of hemochromatosis, alleviating symptoms of high-altitude polycythemia, and assisting in the diagnosis of related diseases. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Treatment of Polycythemia Vera: Patients with this condition have abnormally increased red blood cell counts. Venous phlebotomy directly reduces the total red blood cell mass, rapidly lowering hematocrit levels, relieving symptoms such as dizziness and headaches, and simultaneously decreasing the risk of thrombosis.

2. Reduction of Blood Viscosity: When there are excessive red blood cells or platelets, blood viscosity increases, impairing circulation. By removing certain blood components, venous phlebotomy effectively reduces viscosity, improves microcirculation, alleviates vascular strain, and helps prevent vascular blockages.

3. Adjunctive Treatment of Hemochromatosis: In patients with hemochromatosis, excessive iron accumulation can damage organs such as the liver and heart. Regular venous phlebotomy removes iron-rich blood (containing hemosiderin), reduces iron stores, slows organ damage, and helps maintain normal organ function.

4. Alleviation of Symptoms in High-Altitude Polycythemia: Individuals living at high altitudes for prolonged periods may develop compensatory increases in red blood cells due to chronic hypoxia, leading to discomfort. Phlebotomy reduces red blood cell count, improves oxygenation, relieves symptoms such as shortness of breath, palpitations, and sleep disturbances, and aids in acclimatization to high-altitude environments.

5. Assistance in Diagnosing Related Diseases: In certain clinical settings, venous phlebotomy can be used to obtain blood samples. Measuring specific substances in these samples helps identify metabolic abnormalities or infections, providing valuable information for disease diagnosis.

It is recommended that venous phlebotomy be performed only by trained healthcare professionals in accredited medical facilities to avoid risks associated with self-administration. After the procedure, keep the puncture site clean, avoid strenuous exercise, and ensure adequate hydration and nutritional intake.