What is sickle cell anemia?

Sickle cell anemia is generally a hereditary blood disorder that primarily affects the shape and function of red blood cells. A detailed analysis is as follows:

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic hemoglobinopathy caused by gene mutations that alter the structure of hemoglobin within red blood cells. Normally, red blood cells are disc-shaped and can flexibly pass through blood vessels; however, abnormal hemoglobin tends to polymerize under low-oxygen conditions, causing red blood cells to become sickle-shaped. These sickle-shaped cells are fragile and prone to rupture, leading to shortened red blood cell lifespan and resulting in anemia. Additionally, they can block blood vessels, impairing blood supply to tissues and organs, thereby causing symptoms such as pain and organ damage.

In daily life, patients should avoid low-oxygen environments such as high-altitude areas to prevent symptom triggers; maintain warmth to prevent cold-induced vasoconstriction; adhere to a regular作息 (daily routine), avoid excessive fatigue, and reduce oxygen consumption; maintain a balanced diet with adequate nutrition to support bodily functions. If severe symptoms such as intense pain, difficulty breathing, or fever occur, immediate medical attention should be sought to avoid treatment delays.